英语作文能力的形成不是一日之功，须从平日的课堂学习中一点一滴抓起，持之以恒。或是由于粗心大意，或是由于英语基本功不扎实，抑或是由于英汉语言差异影响，考生作文中经常出现各种错误：如拼写错误，语法错误，中式英语错误等。而在中考英语作文的评分过程中，批卷者是专挑这些错误扣分的。下面分析考生作文中常见的十大错误：

 

1.主谓语一致

主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称、性、数方面的一致。例：

[误] Playing basketball not only strengthen my body but also give me much fun.

[正] Playing basketball not only strengthens my body but also gives me much fun.

分析：当主语和谓语间隔较大时，如此句中not only把主语playing basketball和第一个谓语strengthen分开，第二个谓语更远在but also后，这时很容易出现谓语忘记变化，造成主谓不一致的错误。

 

[误] Three months are quite a long time for me to catch up with other students.

[正] Three months is quite a long time for me to catch up with other students.

分析：当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。

 

2.动词时态变化

汉语动词无时态变化；而英语中共有16种时态，动词变化复杂。对于初中生而言，难理解和掌握的是现在完成时和过去时的区别。记叙文写作中常用过去时态。例：

[误] When I got to the cinema, the film was on for five minutes.

[正] When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.

分析：电影已经开始了，用完成时态。

 

[误] If it won’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go hikingwith my friends in the hills.

[正] If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I’ll go hikingwith my friends in the hills.

分析：主将从现，初二语法内容。

 

3.冠词缺失

冠词的使用是有一些语法规则的，如go to hospital和go to the hospital意思完全不同，再如so warm a day和such a warm day中冠词的位置是不同的。在学生写作或检查时，冠词往往是最容易被忽略的词。例：

[误] When she was ten,she began to play piano.

[正] When she was ten, she began to play the piano.

分析：表示乐器名词前加the; 与单数名词连用表示一类事物：如the cat；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the young年轻人，其他规则请参考语法书。

 [误] You will make mistakes if you do things in hurry.

[正] You will make mistakes if you do things in a hurry.

分析：a通常在可数名词单数前，但也有其他用法：如用于抽象名词in a hurry, at a loss, have a try; 用于集体名词a population of 1.3 billion等等。

 

4.代词指代

代词的变化形式首先要与其所指代的对象一致，其次要符合上下文的一致性及其逻辑关系。有些代词的用法要熟记，如one…the other/ another；some…others/ the other+名词; each的用法等等。例：

[误] The Greens tried his best to make me feel at home.

[正] The Greens tried their best to make me feel at home.

分析：the Greens指代一家人，代词应为their.

[误] The writer needs the other three months to finish his book.

[正] The writer needs another three months to finish his book.

分析：需要另外三个月，应用another.

 

5.宾语从句语序

宾语从句的语序问题一直是初中生容易写错的地方，从句部分应是陈述语序。例：

[误] I want to know when should we arrive at the airport? 

[正] I want to know when we should arrive at the airport.

分析：宾语从句中从句部分应用陈述语气，结尾标点符号应根据主句判断。

 

6.定语从句关系代词

定语从句是初中重要语法内容之一。关系代词：修饰人，一般用关系代词who, whom, whose 或that；修饰物，用关系代词which 和that，作宾语时可省略。 例：

[误]This is the only factory which they visited last summer holiday.

[正] This is the only factory that they visited last summer holiday.

分析：先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、或only修饰时，用that引导。

 

[误] Here is the jobwhat you're been looking for since you graduated from the university.

[正] Here is the job that you're been looking for since you graduated from the university.

分析：先行词为指物的不定代词时，定语从句用that来引导，that在从句中作宾语时可省略，而what不能引导定语从句。

 

7.固定搭配

学生们已经背过不少固定搭配，如look forward to +doing sth.；但对部分固定搭配的掌握还不够深刻，做语法题尚可，但在写作中往往常出错，如the reason for sth.而非of,例：

[误] English is very important for us when we go abroad.

[正]English is very important to uswhen we go abroad.

分析：be important to sb.或 be important for sb.to do sth.都是正确的，但无be important for sb.这种搭配，是学生作文中常见错误之一。

 

[误] I've been here for 5 years, so I used to live here.

[正] I've been here for 5 years, so I get used to live here.

分析：used to do表过去常常做某事；be/get used to do习惯于做某事，此句意思应为“习惯于住在这儿”，用be/get used to do

 

8.句子不完整

初中生写文章时思维，词汇，句型不能够全方位兼顾，对英语五种基本句型不能灵活运用，造成句子结构不正确、成分缺失等现象。常常发生在主句讲完后，笔者又想加点补充说明时。例：

[误]There are many ways to know the society.For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.

[正] There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.

分析：本句后半部分“for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。

 

9.中式英语

初中阶段英语接触知识面有限，加之母语影响，学生的作文中经常出现“Chinglish”, 即常说的中式英语现象。如“好好学习，天天向上” 正确的英文翻译是“Study well, and make progress every day.”例：

[误] I very like my English teacher.He is very humorous.

[正] I like my English teacher very much because he has a good sense of humor.

分析：常见中式英语“very”！前后两句为因果关系，用连接词合并。

 

[误] Although my free time is very busy, I still keep doing exercise.

[正] Although I’m very busy in my free time, I still keep doing exercise.

分析：busy应是形容人很忙碌，而非时间；free time前加介词做时间状语。

 

10.低级错误（笔误）

粗心大意：单词拼写错误、词性混淆、大小写、漏写、多写等。如：

I got up was very late, because I fell very tired.

 

 

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