***Unit 4 Everyday economics*** 

一、词汇派生

1．blank adj.无表情的

→blankly adv.茫然地；没有表情地

→blankness n．空白；空虚

2．potential n．潜力；可能性

→potentiality n．潜力

→potentially adv.潜在地

3．enterprise n．企业；事业；事业心

→enterprising adj.有创业精神的

4．distribute v．分发；分配

→distribution n．分销

→distributor n．经销商

→distributive adj.分配的

5．guide v．指导；引导

→guidance n．指导；引导

6．consult v．咨询

→consultant n．顾问

 

二、一词多义

1．blank adj.

①She turned to a blank page in her notebook.（空白的）

②Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about.（茫然的）

③He received a blank refusal.（彻底的）

2．distribution n．

①The map shows the distribution of this species across the world.（分布）

②The distribution of things involves giving or delivering them to a number of people or places.（分发，分送）

③Worldwide distribution systems are developing fast.（运销，经销）

 

三、知识要点

1.seat n．座位，坐处(如椅子等)；有……座位的；有……座的；(椅子等的)座部v.向……提供座位；(使)就座；坐；落座；可坐……人；能容纳……人

There are no seats left on that flight.

那次航班没座位了。

He seated himself behind the desk.

他在书桌后面坐下。

[造句]他坐在杰克和汤姆之间。

He is seated between Jack and Tom.

[知识拓展]

(1)have/take a seat 请坐

reserve a seat 预订座位

be on the edge of your seat  心情紧张地等待；兴奋地等待某事

be in the driving seat 操纵，掌管，处于控制地位

(2)be seated 就座

stay/remain seated  继续坐着

seat oneself beside/in/on...坐在……旁边/里面/上面

seat sb.on/near... 安排某人坐在某处

①Please be seated so we can begin our meeting.

②He waved towards a chair，and seated himself at the desk.

③The game had the crowd on the edge of their seats．

 

2.blank adj.空白的；没表情的；茫然的；完全的；彻底的

She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.

她一脸木然地盯着我。

He looked at her out of black blank eyes that made no opportunity for her to speak.

他那双黑眼睛茫然地望着她，不给她开口的机会。

[造句] 我的脑子一片空白。

My mind went totally blank.

[知识拓展]

go blank  (脑子)一片空白

draw a blank 无回音；无结果；无收获

blank out  突然变空

blank sth.out 掩盖；遮盖；刻意忘记；抹去记忆

①So far，the police investigation has drawn a blank ．

②I was trying to blank out previous situations from my mind.

 

3.end up 结果为……；以……结束

The result was that the engine ended up at the bottom of the canal.

结果引擎最终沉到了运河底。

If you don't know what you want，you might end up getting something you don't want.

如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。

[造句] 如果你继续那样花钱，你很快就会负债累累。

You will soon end up in debt if you keep on spending money that way.

[知识拓展]

(1)end up doing sth. 最终以做某事结束

end(up)in...以……告终；结果为……

end(up)with...以……结束(指以某种方式结束)

end up as...最终成为……

(2)come to an end 结束

put/bring an end to...结束……

in the end  最后，终于

on end  竖立；直立着；连续地

make(both) ends meet   使收支相抵；量入为出

①While studying，fix your mind on what is really important，or you will end up remembering nothing.

②Andersen was born into a poor family，but ended up as one of the greatest writers of his time.

③The lecture ended up with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet.

④If we neglect our future，we'll end up in failure.

⑤The doctor's motive was to bring an end to his patient's suffering．

⑥He is a wonderful companion and we can talk for hours on end．

[小片段填空]

As a child he wished to become a sportsman，but he ended up as a singer.He often threw parties where he usually began with cakes and ended up with sweets.He became very fat.He tried many ways to lose weight，ending up gaining(gain)weight soon again.I told him not to hold a party again and if he didn't follow my advice，he would end up in failure.

 

4.surround vt.围绕；环绕

When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers and militiamen.

汽车停在城镇广场时就被士兵和民兵包围了。

As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.

幼年时我备受关爱。

[造句]我需要一些人立刻包围这所房子。

I need some people to surround this house right now.

[知识拓展]

(1)surround sb./sth.with... 使某人/某物被……包围

surround oneself with sb./sth. 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)

(2)surrounding adj. 周围的

surroundings n.  周围的事物；环境(通常用复数形式)

①The trees surrounding the lake were planted by the soldiers ten years ago.

②I like to surround myself with beautiful things.

③Surrounded by a dozen of children，the woman happily celebrated her 80th birthday.

[小片段填空]

As a famous pop star，he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding towns.And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers，because he can get much more pleasure from nature.

 

5.potential n．可能性；潜在性；潜力；潜质adj.潜在的；可能的

The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.

欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。

First we need to identify actual and potential problems.

首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。

[造句]他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。

He has the potential to become a world­class musician.

[知识拓展]

the potential for sth. ……的可能性

have/show potential 有潜力/表现出潜力

achieve/fulfil/realize your potential 发挥潜力

①All children should be encouraged to realize/fulfil/achieve their full potential．

②The potential for abuse in such a system is enormous.

 

6.present vt.陈述；提出(观点、计划等)；呈现；赠送，颁发，介绍 adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的 n．礼物；赠品；现在

You need to present yourself better.

你需要更善于展示自己。

May I present my fiancé to you?

请允许我向您介绍我的未婚夫。

[造句]你需要更好地展示自己。

You need to present yourself better.

[知识拓展]

(1)present sb.with sth.　向某人赠送某物

present sth.to sb. 向某人陈述某事；赠送某人某物

(2)be present at... 出席……

(3)at present＝at the present time 目前，现在

for the present 目前；就现在而言

写出下列句中present 的含义

①The company presented a medal to him on the day when he retired. (赠予)

②The present situation is taking a turn for the better.(当前的)

③How many people were present at the meeting yesterday？(出席的)

④These notes will remind you how to present your ideas.(陈述；提出)

⑤Whenever you buy a present，you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.(礼物)

[小片段填空]

All students were present at the meeting on Teachers' Day.Some students presented flowers to the representatives of teachers as festival presents．

 

7.purchase n．购买；采购；购买的东西；v.买；购买；采购

We guarantee to refund your money if you are not delighted with your purchase.

若您对所购商品不满意， 我们保证退款。

He gave his son some money for the purchase of his school books.

他给儿子一些钱购买学校的课本。

[造句] 我想买这件衬衫。

I would like to purchase this shirt，please.

[知识拓展]

make a purchase 购买

on special purchase  特价出售

purchase price  购买价格

purchasing power 购买力

①These boots are on special purchase.

②The purchasing power of the dollar has declined.

 

8.consultant n．顾问

That company wanted to hire him as their consultant，but he declined firmly.

那家公司想雇他做顾问，但他坚决拒绝了。

Our company didn't have a specialist，so we hired a consultant.

我们的公司没有专家，所以我们聘请了一位顾问。

[造句]顾问将解释我们该如何经营我们的业务。

The consultant will explain how we should run our business.

[知识拓展]

(1)consult v．请教/咨询

(2)consult sb.about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事

consult with sb.about sth. 与某人商量/磋商某事

consult a doctor 向医生求诊

consult a dictionary  查字典

①Why didn't you consult with me about such an important matter?

②By the time I arrived at the ward，my consultant was already there.

[小片段填空]

I am a 34­year­old man，married，live in a nice house，and have a successful career as an educational consultant．One day，a boy went to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.Having consulted me，he knew how to improve his English and went home happily.

 

9.access n．接近；通路；接近或进入的权利/机会/通路 v．进入；存取(尤指电脑数据)；访问

Students must have access to good resources.

学生必须有机会使用好的资源。

You need a password to get access to the computer system.

使用这个计算机系统需要密码。

[造句] 药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。

Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.

[知识拓展]

(1)access to...接近……的机会；进入……的权利

have/get/gain/obtain access to...可以接近/会见/进入……

(2)accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的

be accessible to...可进入……；可使用……；易接近……

①To sum up，low price，easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot.(接近……的机会)

②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. (通路)

③He accessed three different files to find the correct information.(访问)

④Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.

⑤All the sites are free to the public and accessible to anyone with an Internet connection.

[小片段填空]

Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village，so it is not accessible to outside now.

 

四、重点句式

1.独立主格结构

[教材P38]　They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.

他们回头看了看，从他们没有表情的脸上根本看不出接下来他们会说什么。

句式分析：句子中their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next为“逻辑主语＋ 现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。

[例1]　Mary has written two novels，both of them having been made into television series.

玛丽已经写了两部小说，都被拍成了电视剧。

[例2]　All the tickets sold when they arrived，they went away，disappointed.

当他们到达的时候，票都卖光了，他们失望地走开了。

[造句]　 我手里拿着剑跟着他来到这里。

I followed him here，sword in hand.

[知识拓展]

该结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，常见的独立主格结构形式是：

(1)名词/代词＋名词

(2)名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语

(3)名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式

[翻译1]　人体有许多器官组成，每一个器官都有确定的工作要做。

The human body is composed of organs，each having a definite job to do．

[翻译2]　有许多工作要做，我必须待在家里一整天。

Lots of work to do，I have to stay at home all day.

①The trees there are extremely tall，and some measures over 90 metres.

→The trees there are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.

②Then she leapt backwards，back arched and fur on end，tail held out stiffly.

 

2.强调句型

[教材P39]　It was only then that the locals began to believe me.

就是在那时，本地人才开始相信我。

句式分析：该句子是对时间状语 then 的强调。

[例1]　I wonder what it was that you were doing at this time yesterday.

我想知道你昨天这个时候在干什么。

[例2]　It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.

当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。

[造句]　 只有压力太大才会伤害你。

It is only too much stress that does you harm.

[知识拓展]

强调句型的结构

(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。

It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.

只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。

强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。

It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.

正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。

(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？

Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?

他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？

(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？

When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?

他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？

由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。

She doesn't know who it was that saved her son.

她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。

(4)not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。

It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.

直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。

 

强调谓语动词

用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。

She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.

她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。

 

[翻译1]　直到战争结束他才回家。

It is not until the war was over that he returned home.

[翻译2]　是你做的而不是你说的才重要。

It is what you did not what you said that counts.

①It is not only the attitudes towards science that are changing.

②It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.

③Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry?

④I did not realise that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realised that she was a famous film star. (用强调句型改写)

→ Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realise that she was a famous film star. (用倒装句改写)

 

五、重难点分析

It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential.

分析：本句是强调句型，被强调部分是only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents，正常语序是Zhang realised the potential only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents.强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was ＋被强调部分 ＋that/who＋其他成分。

译文：直到从海外大学毕业回国探望父母后，张月才意识到这一潜力。

7天寒假奇速英语冬令营

1.思维导图英语故事创作课程：运用思维导图联想发散的特点，围绕中心词联想相关词汇和语境，独立创作个性化英文故事，并把独立创作的故事表演出来。本课程适合6-15岁学生。这是一门能够激发学生的学习兴趣和潜能，培养学生的语言能力、发散思维能力、表演能力以及创新思维的课程。详情咨询添加老师微信：17760376675

2.高中《一本小说24个故事串记3500词汇》：围绕着每个故事都进行了词汇、句型、写作、完型等方面的扩展，涵盖了词汇、语法、写作、阅读等大纲要求的模块。因此，学生可以在享受故事情节的轻松时刻，同时于潜移默化中牢记中学考纲里的单词。

3.初中/高中《快速阅读写作》课程：是一套全方位系统讲解与针对训练相结合的高品质课程，通过独创思维导图和名师教学引导，培养学生分析归纳、推理检验的英语阅读能力。奇速英语26招快速阅读扫除阅读中所有疑难杂症。配套针对性强化训练，学以致用，举一反三，快速高效提升学生的英文阅读能力。详情咨询添加老师微信：17760376675

中小学生进行英语听说读写诊断，还能帮助孩子尽快适应新学期节奏，激发出孩子们英语单词阅读的学习兴趣。既解决了家长辅导孩子学习之苦，也能进一步提高孩子的学习动力。详情咨询添加老师微信：17760376675

奇速通英语智能学习机内置奇速英语精品套装：思维导图记单词、24个故事串记高中3500词汇、英语快速阅读写作、8招突破核心语法、英语时文个性阅读、大数据分析及智能推送等；大屏护眼，无法游戏，减负增效！

 

通英语智能学习机内置奇速英语精品套装：思维导图记单词、24个故事串记高中3500词汇、英语快速阅读写作、8招突破核心语法、英语时文个性阅读、大数据分析及智能推送等；大屏护眼，无法游戏，减负增效！