***Unit 5 Into the unknown*** 

一、词汇派生

1.civilise v.文明化；教化

→civilisation n.文明

→civilised adj.文明的

2.ruin n.残垣断壁，废墟

→ruinous  adj.毁灭性的

→ruinously adv.毁灭地

3.dismiss v.拒绝考虑，否定

→dismissal n.摒弃；不予考虑

→dismissive adj.轻蔑的

4.abandon v.离弃，逃离

→abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的

→abandonment n.离弃；遗弃

 

二、一词多义 

1.bury v.

①The house was buried under ten feet of snow.（覆盖）

②She's 85 and has buried three husbands.（丧失）

③He had learnt to bury his feelings.（掩藏）

④He walked slowly，his hands buried in his pockets.（插入）

2.abandon v.

①He gave the order to abandon the ship.（舍弃）

②They abandoned the match because of rain.（中止）

③Critics accused him of abandoning his principles.（放弃）

④This is a baby abandoned by its parents.（遗弃）

 

三、知识要点

1.correspond v.相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信

Your account of the event does not correspond with/to hers.

你对事情的陈述与她说的不相符。

The two maps of London correspond closely.

这两张伦敦的地图很相似。

[造句]　 他的行为与观点不一致。

His actions do not correspond with/to his ideas.

[知识拓展]

(1)correspond with/to...与……相一致；符合

correspond with...与……通信

(2)corresponding adj.  相应的，相关联的

①The translation does not quite correspond to/with the original.

②You will allow me to consider that I correspond with him through you.

③March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the corresponding period of last year.

 

2.bury v.埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖

The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.

海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。

He'd had to bury his pain over the years.

他不得不将痛苦掩藏多年。

[造句]　狗把骨头埋在花园里。

The dog buried its bone in the garden.

[知识拓展]

(1)bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸

bury oneself in＝be buried in...埋头于；专心于......

(2)be buried in thought 沉思

①Buried in his study，he wasn't aware that all the others had left.

②Burying his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping.

[小片段填空]

The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in her hands.So she did not notice the thief who stood beside her with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat.

 

3.apply vi.申请；适用；请求 vt.申请；应用

The new technology was applied to farming.

这项新技术被应用于农业。

We should try to learn economic theory and apply it.

我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。

[造句]　这个规则并不能适用于所有的情况。

You can not apply this rule to every case.

[知识拓展]

(1)apply(to...)for...(向……)申请

apply to do sth.申请去做某事

apply to...适用于(to为介词)

apply...to... 把……应用于……

apply oneself to ...致力于，集中精力于

(2)application n. 请求；申请，申请表；应用

applicant n.申请人

①We should apply what we learnt to the construction of our country.

②When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.

③To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

④Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application.

[小片段填空]

Since last year，I have been applying myself to studying(study) the latest technology about planting.I think that we should not only know the theory but also how to apply it to practice.These new technology，if applied(apply)to farming，will help increase the grain output.I have applied for a full­time job in the village.To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply).

 

4.decline vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝

The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.

9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。

This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.

这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。

[造句] 他的健康状况最近开始恶化。

His health has begun to decline recently.

[知识拓展]

(1)a decline in...　在……(方面)的下降

in decline＝on the decline 处于衰退中，下降

(2)decline to do sth.拒绝做某事

decline by/to...下降了/下降到……

①I don't know why the boy declined to answer a question.

②The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.

③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year to 5 million.

[小片段填空]

With his bonus on the decline，he decided to stay at home and declined to have(have)a holiday.

 

5.claim v.声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领 n.声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔

Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.

如今他们回来索取本属于他们的东西了。

You should be able to claim the cost from the car insurance.

你应该能从汽车保险中索取这笔费用。

[造句] 你可按你的保险索赔你遗忘在火车上的大衣。

You can claim on your insurance for that coat you left on the train.

[知识拓展]

(1)claim to do sth./that...声称做某事/声称……

claim to have done sth.声称做过某事

It is claimed that...据说

(2)make a claim for sth.要求；对……提出赔偿要求

①As the victim in the accident，I will make a claim for the injuries I suffered.

②Scientists claimed to have made a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.

③It is claimed that he had seen aliens with his own eyes.

→ He claimed to have seen aliens with his own eyes.

 

6.lead to... 引起，导致；通向

Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.

技术变革必然会导致失业。

This can lead to bodily weakness and muscle wastage.

这样可能会导致身体虚弱和肌肉萎缩。

[造句]　这可能会导致巨大的压力。

This can lead to significant stress.

[知识拓展]

lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事

lead sb.to/into ＋n.  带领某人去/进入……，使某人得出(观点)

lead a...life  过……的生活

lead the way 引路，带路

除lead to外，常见的表示“引起，导致”的词汇还有：cause，result in，bring about，contribute to等。

①I want to know what led you to take up acting as a career.

②The new evidence led to the high official being arrested.

[小片段填空]

His lack of confidence led to a lot of suffering.And the success of his father led him to believe all the roads lead to Rome.So he told himself to be confident and just do it.

 

7.rate n.速度；进度；比率；率；价格；费用v.评估

The disease has spread at an alarming rate.

这种病以惊人的速度传播开来。

The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour.

轿车以每小时40英里的速度行驶。

 [造句] 他正以每小时70英里的速度行驶。

He is driving at the rate of seventy miles an hour.

[知识拓展]

at any rate (强调事情的真实性)无论如何，不管怎样

at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去

birth/unemployment/divorce/crime rate  出生/失业/离婚/犯罪比率

rate sb./sth. highly 对某人/某事评价高

be rated as...被认为......

①I may be away on business next week，but at any rate I'll be back by Friday.

②At this rate，we'll soon be bankrupt.

③At any rate，we must go there.

 

8.ruin n.残垣断壁，废墟；毁灭；失去工作(或地位等)；破产

The scandal brought about his ruin.

那件丑闻使他身败名裂。

The farmers say recent inflation has driven them to the brink of ruin.

农民们说最近的通货膨胀使他们濒临破产。

[造句]这些寺庙已破败不堪。

The temples have fallen into ruin.

[知识拓展]

fall into ruin 衰败

go to rack and ruin  变得一团糟

in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪

①Years of fighting has left the area in ruins.

②The whole city lay in ruins (ruin)after the earthquake，which made them lie awake all night.

③They let the house go to rack and ruin.

 

9.abandon vt.(不顾责任、义务等)抛弃；停止(支持或帮助)；舍弃；逃离n.放任；放纵

I decided not to abandon John when he was in such a desperate position.

我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。 

The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers.

研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢给陌生人照管。

[造句] 这个婴儿被母亲遗弃了。

The baby was abandoned by its mother.

[知识拓展]

(1)abandon sb. 遗弃某人/停止支持某人

abandon sth. 放弃某事/舍弃某物

abandon oneself to sth.  沉溺于(某种情感)

(2)abandoned adj.  抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的

(3)with abandon  纵情；放任地

①They discovered some valuable goods in the abandoned (abandon)house.

②Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.

③He abandoned himself to despair.

[小片段填空]

 One winter morning we came upon an abandoned puppy on the street.I wondered who it was that abandoned such a cute puppy.

 

10.dismiss v.摒弃(想法等)，丢开；把(人)解雇，解职；使……离开；解散(集会等)；拒绝考虑，否定

Three workers were dismissed for being lazy.

三个工人因怠惰而被解雇。

The rich man didn't mind at all dismissing a servant from his place.

那个富翁对解雇佣人一点也不在意。

[造句]　这个男的被解雇了。

The man was dismissed from his job.

[知识拓展]

dismiss sb. for sth. 因为……而解雇某人

dismiss sb. from...把某人从……解雇

dismiss sb./sth. from one's mind 试图忘记某人或者某事

dismissal n. 解雇，免职

①She tried to dismiss him from her mind.

②His boss dismissed him from his job for making too many mistakes.

③Do not come back.This is your final dismissal.

 

四、重点句式

1.whatever引导让步状语从句

[教材P51]　Whatever the reasons，Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle.

不管是什么原因，玛雅文明基本上消失在丛林深处。

句式分析：句子中whatever the reasons 是整个句子的让步状语从句。

[例1]　Whatever you do，don't look for a pay increase when you know the company is going through some difficulty.

不管你做什么，在知道公司遭遇困境时不要指望加薪。

[例2]　Whatever you want to chat about，we'll do it tonight.

不管你想聊些什么，我们今晚聊个够。

[造句] 不管你在做什么，当你想抽烟的时候就做点别的事情吧。

Whatever you are doing，do something else when you want to smoke.

[知识拓展]

(1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。

(2)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter when/where/how，意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。

“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，可放在主句前或主句后。

[翻译1]　无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽全力了。

Whatever the result is，we should accept it with a smile，because we have tried our best.

[翻译2]　无论距离有多远，我们都感觉彼此很亲近。

 However far away we are，we feel close to each other.

①Whenever I'm unhappy，it is my friend who cheers me up.

②As young people，we are supposed to work hard and enjoy our work，no matter how ordinary it is.

③Wherever they looked，they saw nothing but ruins after the terrible earthquake.

④Whatever she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.

 

2.leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语

[教材P52]　Meanwhile，the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past，present and future.

同时，这个文明的兴衰也必须让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。

句式分析：此句中的us 是leave 的宾语，thinking about...是us 的补足语。

[例1]　If you leave the water running when you don't use it，you are wasting.

如果不用水时你还让水一直流着，你是在浪费。

[例2]　Don't leave the light on when you are not in the room.

当你不在房间时，别让灯开着。

[造句]　别让她在雨中等你。

Don't leave her waiting for you outside in the rain.

[知识拓展]

(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语

(2)leave＋宾语＋分词

(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式

(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句

在leave的复合结构中，宾补为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾补为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾补为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。

[翻译1]　使我失望的是她让我一个人完成这项工作。

What disappoints me is that she leaves me to finish the work by myself.

[翻译2]　把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条规则。

You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.

①Hearing the bad news，he hurried home，leaving the books lying open on the table.

②You'd better leave the door open to let in fresh air.

③He had to go home，leaving the work unfinished .

④You should leave the lawyer to settle the problem.

⑤If the clothes don't fit you，please leave them where they were.

 

五、重难点分析

[教材P50]　The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.

分析：这句话的主语是the fact，the fact 指的是(或者说内容是)Maya society was technologically primitive，这句话的宾语是its achievements，all the more incredible and mysterious 起补充说明作用。

译文：玛雅社会在技术上是原始的，这使得它的成就更加不可思议和神秘。参加2022奇速英语学习冬令营体验自主学习

 

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