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2021-12-04
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2021-12-04
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2021-12-04
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让英语学习像说话一样,自然简单——奇速通英语学习机-网课学习专用-海量课程在
2021-12-04
更新时间:2021-12-04浏览:次评论: 条
2021-12-04
2021-12-04
2021-12-04
2021-12-04
让英语学习像说话一样,自然简单——奇速通英语学习机-网课学习专用-海量课程在
2021-12-04
一、可数名词有单数和复数两种形式
1.名词由单数变复数的规则变化
①名词复数规则
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
book-books, bag-bags
cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s.、x、 sh、 ch结尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses, box-boxes
brush-brushes, watch-watches
注意:部分o结尾要加-es,它们是“英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”
Negro-Negroes, hero- heroes
potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:
family-families
strawberry-strawberries
d.以“元音字母加+y”结尾,直接加-s,如:
toy-toys, monkey-monkeys
key-keys
e.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:
knife-knives
②不规则变化 (需要平时多加积累)
a.改变单数名词中的元音字母,如:
man-men, woman-women
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
b.单复数形式相同,如:
sheep-sheep, deer-deer
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
c.词尾加-en,如:
ox-oxen
二、不可数名词
表示方法:“数词或冠词+表示计量单词的词+of+不可数名词”,如:
a piece of paper 一张纸
a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
two cups of tea 两杯茶
三、名词所有格(表示人或物的所有和所属关系)
1.有生命的名词的所有格,其单数形式是加’s,其复数形式只在最后加’。
2.结尾不是s的复数形式仍加’s。
3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格要用’s或’。
4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。
5.双重所有格。
6.如果两个名词并列,并且分别有’s,则表示“分别有”;如果两个名词并列,只有一个’s,则表示共有。
四、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间单复数的一致问题(主谓一致)
五、常见的名词辨析
练习
一、写出下列各词的复数。
family _________ key _________
class _______ bed ______
watch _______ book_______
child _______ photo ________
diary ______ day________
foot________ dress ________
tooth_______ sheep ______
box_______ strawberry _____
thief _______ peach______
sandwich ______ man______
woman_______ people________
二、选择题
1. ---It’s hot today. Have some ________, please.
---No, thanks. I’m not thirsty at all.
A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes
2. Tom's parents bought a pair of __________ for him yesterday.
A. shirts B. socks C. sweaters D. bags
3. The meeting will last four days,from Monday to__________.
A. Friday B. Tuesday C. Thursday D.Saturday
4. Health is important for us teenagers, so we should eat more vegetables such as__ to keep healthy.
A. tomatoes and potatoes
B. tomatos and potatos
C. tomatos and potatoes
5. Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of ________ favorite toys.
A. child B. children C. children’s D.childrens’
6. I'm hungry.Can you give me two bowls of __________?
A.rice B. rices C. hamburger D. hamburgers
☛ 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词和物主代词
1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后(动宾短语&介宾短语)。
2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。
填写代词表。
人称代词
物主代词
练习
一、按要求写出下列代词的形式
1. I(宾格) _________________
2. it(宾格) _________________
3. he(形容词性物主代词) __________
4. him(复数) _______________
5. us(主格) ___________
6. her(形容词性物主代词) __________
7. they(宾格) _________________
8. my(复数) _________________
9. she(宾格) ____________
0. they(名词性物主代词) ___________
11. you(名词性物主代词) __________
12. we(单数) _________________
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4._________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5._________ dresses are red. (we) What color are _________? ( you )
三、选择题
1. —Jenny, is that __________ pen?
—Yes, it's__________ pen.
A. your;my B. your;her
C. my;my D. his;her
2. This is my book.Where is__________?
A. him B. your C. her D. yours
3. It's not __________baseball.It's__________.
A. you;he B. his;hers
C. your;him D. my;your
4. This is __________ID card.It's __________ID card.
A. a;his B. an;you
C. an;her D. a;my
5.To my surprise, he sold ______ house at such a low price.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
6. —Whose iPad is this?
—I think it's __________.She was looking for it everywhere.
A. she's B. her C. she D. hers
7. —Do you like watching pingpong matches?
—Yes, and __________ favorite pingpong player is Ma Long.
A. we B. us C. my D. ours
8. —Is this your schoolbag?
—No, it isn’t. _______is under the desk.
A. My B. Mine C. Me D.I
9. —Jane, is this Tom's umbrella?
—No, it isn't __________.He didn't take one this morning.
A. him B. he C. his D.them
10. My mother used to make breakfast for _____ every morning, but now I do it myself.
A. mine B. my C. I D. me
☛ 冠词
冠词的定义:
冠词的分类:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词
选择题
1. —Can you play__________ basketball, Mike?
—Yes, I can.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
2. I have __________ English book.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
3. I go to__________school after__________ breakfast.
A. the;the B. the;/ C. /;the D. /;/
4. This is__________ apple and that's __________ pear.
A. a;an B. an;a C. an;an D. a;a
5. To be __________ good dancer, you need to learn more.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
6. David is ______ eight-year-old boy with short black hair.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
7. Tom is ________ shy boy, but he's good at playing ______basketball.
A. an;the B. a;the
C. a;/ D. an;/
8. She usually has ________ egg and some porridge for ________ breakfast.
A. an; the B. an; \
C. a; the D. a; \
9. —Did you have__________good day yesterday?
—Yeah, I really had fun at the party!
A. an B. a C. / D.the
☛ 数词
1. 基数词
基数词的构成方法:
0-10 :
11-19:
20-90:
21-99:在十位和个位之间加连字符“-”。例:
twenty-one, thirty-two
ninety-nine等。
101-999:百位数+and+末(两)位数。例:
two hundred and six
nine hundred and twenty-one
1000以上:从右向左数,每三位加逗号,第一个逗号前为 thousand,第二个逗号前为 million,第三个逗号前为billion(10亿)。每节从左到右按百、十、个的顺序读出。例:
2002: two thousand and two
977, 102: nine hundred and seventy-seven million
★基数词的用法要点
①基数词及 hundred, thousand, million等表示确切数量时,不能加s; 表示模糊数量时,要以复数形式出现,后面加-s。例:
There are nine thousand, seven hundred and twenty-eight books in the library.
这个图书馆里有9, 728本书。
There are hundreds of people in the hall.
大厅里有数以百计的人。
They went to the theater in twos and threes.
他们三三两两地来到了剧院。
②表示不确切的年龄或年代时,用“几十”的复数形式。例:
He became a professor in his thirties.
他三十多岁时成为了教授。
It was in the1960s.
那是在二十世纪六十年代。
2. 序数词
⑴构成规则
第1--第3:
one → first; two → second(2nd); three→ third(3rd)
第4--第19:
一般都是“基数词+th”结构,但fifth, eighth, ninth和twelfth结构特殊,我们要加以留意。
第20-第几十几:
整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改结尾字母y为i,再加-eth构成。如:
twenty—twentieth
第一百以上的多位序数词:
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表达。如:
one hundred and twenty-first
(序数词可以缩写成“数字+序数词的后两个字母”形式。)
★⑵序数词的用法要点:
①序数词一般与定冠词the连用。有时前面也可以加不定冠词,表示“再一; 又一”。例:
This is the first time that I have been in China.
这是我第一次来到中国。
We'll go over it a second time.
我们得再念第二遍。
②当序数词的前面有物主代词等限定词修饰时 不用任何冠词。例:
Today is the baby's first birthday.
今天是这个婴儿的第一个生日。
③序数词在句中作副词时,不用任何冠词。例:
Linda always comes first in English.
琳达英语总是第一名。
注意:基数词也可以表示顺序。只需要将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。
the first lesson---Lesson One
the fifth page--- Page Five
3. 时间
4. 分数、小数、百分数
选择题
1. Meimei is going to be an older sister. Her parents are planning to have their __________ child.
A. one B. two C. first D. second
2. Helen loves reading.She has read __________ books this month.
A. five B. fifth C. five of D. fifth of
3. Jack got his driver's license on his __________ birthday.
A. twenty of B. twenty C. twentieth D. twenty's
4. August is the __________month of the year.
A. eight B. eighty C. eighth D. eighteen
5. —Which day is the__________day of the week?
—It's Friday.
A. six B. sixes C. sixth D. sixth's
6. Yesterday was his________birthday.He enjoyed himself.
A. twelfth B. twelve C. the twelfth
☛ 一般现在时
一般现在时基本用法介绍
一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:
The sky is blue.
天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
I get up at six every day.
我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:
The earth goes around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:
I am a boy.
我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:
We study English.
我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:
Mary likes Chinese.
玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词三单的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:
guess-guesses, wash-washes
watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:
study-studies
练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
drink ________ go _______
stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______
pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______
plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________
teach_______
一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:
He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:
-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:
Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:
How does your father go to work?
练习
一、用do,does,don’t,doesn’t填空
1. ---_________ you have a tennis ball?
---Yes, I ___________.
2. ---_________Jodie have a tennis racket?
---Yes, she __________.
3. ---_________ your sister have a volleyball?
---No, she ___________.
4. ---_________ they have a new TV?
---Yes, they ___________.
5. ---_________ your brothers have some notebooks?
---Yes, they ___________.
6. ---_________ Sam and Sally have two ping-pong bats?
---No, they ___________.
7. ---_________ her mom play tennis every day?
---No, she ___________.
8. ---_________ his friends like to play tennis with him?
---Yes, they ___________.
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
4. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
5. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
三、选择题
1. I __________ a basketball.She __________ a soccer ball.
A. has; have B. has; has
C. have; hasn D. have; have
2. I __________ know Tom.
A. am not B.don't C. isn't D.aren't
3.He ________ sports. He only _________ them on TV.
A. doesn’t play; watch
B. don’t play; watch
C. doesn’t play; watches
D. don’t play; watches
4. -When ____you have a school trip?
—Sorry,I don't know.I'm busy_____ my art festival.
A. are;in B. do;with
C. are;with D. do;in
5. I don't like basketball,but my son__________.
A. like B. liked C. do D. does
6. —In the morning,Bill always __________ tennis with his sister.
—Yes.And in the afternoon they __________ pingpong.
A. play;play B. plays;play
C. play;plays D. plays;plays
7. —Do you __________ geography next week?
—Yes,we do.
A. know B. have C. get D. look
8. My mother is an English teacher and she __________in a middle school.
A. teach B. teacher C. teaches D. teaching
9. —The music ________ so beautiful.Who ________ it?
—Oh, Lang Lang.
A. sounds; plays B. sounds; play
C. sound; plays D. sound; play
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