Unit 6 Disaster and hope

一、词汇派生

1．erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发

→ eruption n．(火山)爆发，喷发

2．immediate adj.立即的，直接的

→immediately adv.即刻，马上

3．occur v．发生

→occurrence n．发生，发现；事件

4．type n．类型，模范，典型

→typical adj.典型的，象征性的 

5．compare v．比较

→comparison n．比较

 

二、一词多义

1.erupt v．

①It's many years since Mount Vesuvius last erupted.-(指火山)爆发

②Violence has erupted on the streets.-突然发生

③When I saw the size of the bill I simply erupted and became quite angry.-(情绪) 突然爆发 

④A rash has erupted all over my back.-(指斑点等)在皮肤上出现 

 

2.immediately adv.& conj.

①During the conference he sat in the seat immediately in front of me. - 在临近，紧接着

②He confirmed who was immediately responsible to the accident. - 直接地

③He did all sorts of tricks immediately I turned around. - 一……就(连词)

④Seeing the invitation，I wrote him an answer immediately. - 立即，即刻

 

3.pick up

①The school bus picks up the children three times every day. - (用车)接(人)

②The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite. - 接收(信号)

③He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. - (偶然)学会

④My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days. - (健康、生意等)好转

⑤The twin sisters were shopping  on Women's Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains. - 买到

 

三、知识要点

1.react to 对……做出回应

How did people there react to the disaster?

那里的人们对灾难如何做出回应？

How did the coach react to the news of the failure？

教练听到这个失败消息时有何反应？

[造句]学生们对减少假期的天数的决定怎么回应？

How do the students react to the decision of reducing the days of the holiday?

[知识拓展]

react on/upon... 对……有影响

react with... 与……产生化学反应

react against .. 反对；反抗

→ reaction n.反应；起作用(常与介词to连用)

 

2.pick up 拾起，拿起

He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders.

他抱起孩子让她骑在自己的肩膀上。

The children picked up many sea shells at the sea shore.

孩子们在海边捡到了许多贝壳。

[造句]他很善良帮助那个老人拾起了他的书。

He was so kind to help the old man to pick up his book.

[知识拓展]

pick out 挑选出；了解；领会

pick on  挑选；选中；批评

pick and choose 挑三拣四，仔细挑选

One day Johnson saw an old radio on his way to school and picked it up．He turned it on and found it still picked up very clear signals from foreign BBC.The boy planned to pick up some British English.At the thought，he ran to school so excitedly that he fell down onto the ground.Luckily he picked himself up．

一天约翰逊在上学的路上发现了一部旧收音机就把他捡了起来。他把收音机打开发现居然能接收到BBC非常清晰的信号。男孩计划用它来学点英式英语。想到这个想法，他往学校跑得太激动了以至于摔倒在地上，幸好他自己爬了起来。

 

3.be expected to... 有望做某事，被期待做某事

The rare disease is expected to be cured in a short period of time.

这种罕见的疾病预计能在短时间内治愈。

All the students are expected to participate in the activity actively.

期待所有的学生能积极参加这项活动。

[造句]这本书本月预计要卖到1 500本。

This book is expected to sell 1，500 copies this month.

[知识拓展]

expect v．期望；预料；要求；认为(某事)会发生

→ expectation n.期待；预期；前程

→ expected adj.预计要发生的，期待中的

 

4.compare to 与……相比，和……比起来

This，however，is nothing compared to the train.

然而，与车厢内相比，这根本算不上什么。

She is tall，compared to most of her classmates.

与她大多数同学相比，她算很高了。

[造句]与汽车相比，自行车不会造成环境问题。

Compared to cars，bicycles cause no environmental problems.

[知识拓展]

compare A with/and B　把A和B加以比较

compare A to B  B把A比作B

beyond/without compare 无与伦比的，不可比的

 

5.make it 及时赶到；成功；能参加 

I hope I can make it to Bank station.

我希望我能及时赶到银行站。

Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.

萨拉赶到了机场，正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。

[造句]离发车还有10分钟，我想我们能赶得上。

The train won't leave for another ten minutes，so I think we can make it.

[知识拓展]

make it＋时间 定为某个时间

make it through... 挺过……，熬过……

make it a rule 定为规则；养成一种习惯

 

6.immediately adv.即刻 马上 

I'll join a beginner's swimming class immediately.

我马上参加初学者的游泳课。

I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.

我立即跳上自行车往家赶。

[造句]如果您能给我立即回复我将不胜感激。

I'll appreciate it if you can give us an answer immediately.

[知识拓展]

immediately conj.　一……就

→ immediate adj. 立即的；直接的；最接近的

Immediately I've done it I feel completely disgusted with myself.

 

7.occur v．发生，出现；想起

Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.

专家说，这种坏天气是由于气候变化造成的。

Almost all of tornadoes occur in the US，in the area from Texas to South Dakota.

几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国德克萨斯州到南达科塔州一带地区。

[造句]我们都应该记住一些伟大的科学发现都是偶然发生的。

We should all remember that some great scientific discoveries occurred by chance.

[知识拓展]

sth.occurs to sb.　 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到……

It occurs to sb.that...  某人想到……

It occurs to sb.to do sth...  某人想到……

Last month something really amazing occurred in Jack's family.It never occurred to him that his father bought what he had been longing for.He fell into great excitement and a perfect idea  occurred to  him  that he would do something great for his father.

上个月一件非常令人吃惊的事情发生在了杰克的家里。他从来没想过他的父亲居然给他买了他一直盼望的东西。他非常激动。突然一个绝妙的想法浮现在他脑海里，他得为父亲做点什么伟大的事情。

 

8.after all 毕竟，终究

After all，it's only 30 degrees outside.

毕竟外面只有30度。

After two years of hard practice，I passed the driving exam after all.

经过两年的辛苦练习，我终于通过了考试。

[造句]让他自己去上学，毕竟他十岁了。

 Let him go to school by himself.After all，he is ten years old.

[知识拓展]

in all 总计，总共

above all 首先；最重要的是

first of all 首先

all in all  总的来说

 

四、重点句式

1.It is typical that 从句 一贯如此；做某事是典型的

(教材P62)　It's just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines，as well as one of the deepest.

一贯如此，我乘的是最古老的线路之一，也是其中一个最深层的。

句式分析：该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that主语从句。

It is typical that what teachers teach is what exams test.

典型的就是老师教什么考试考什么。

It is typical that he will take a nap after lunch every day.

他一贯的做法是每天午饭后小睡一会儿。

[造句]　来参加生日宴会忘记带礼物来正是他的特点。

It is typical that he forgets to bring a present when attending a birthday party.

[知识拓展]

(1)It＋be＋形容词(possible，obvious，important...)＋that从句

(2)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour，an idea，no wonder...)＋that从句

(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句

 

2.now that 引导原因状语从句

(教材P63)　Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...既然地球上的灾难很难避免，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……

句式分析：now that 引导的原因状语从句

Now that everyone is here，let's begin today's meeting.

既然大家都到了， 我们开始今天的会议。

Now that you have got the result，let me tell you what caused it.

既然你知道结果了，我来告诉你是什么造成的。

[造句]既然晚饭准备好了，去洗洗手吧！

Now that the dinner is ready，go  and wash your hands!

[知识拓展]

英语中原因状语从句引导词还有：

(1)because表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强。回答以why引导的特殊疑问句，只能用because。意为“因为”。

(2)since表示对方已经知道，无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。意为“既然”。

(3)as往往表示十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。as引导的句子一般放在句首。意为“由于”。

 

3.have been doing sth.一直在做某事

(教材P63)　Well，maybe I have been worrying too much.嗯，也许我一直太担心了。

句式分析：该句考查的时态是现在完成进行时，其结构是has/have been doing sth.。

I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.

我必须要去看医生了因为最近一直咳嗽的厉害。

—Why do you want to work for our company?

—This is the job that I have been looking for.

——为什么你要在我公司工作？

——这是我一直在寻找的那种工作。

[造句]　过去这三年中，这个女孩一直在上排球课，一周两次。

The girl has been taking volleyball classes twice a week over the last three years.

[知识拓展]

现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。现在完成进行时表示动作还在继续，现在完成时往往没有这层含义。现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。

 

五、难句分析

1.Looking through my newspaper，I'm shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.

[分析]本句是主从复合句。looking through my newspaper是现在分词作状语。后面的showing that 从句是photos的定语，其中that引导的是宾语从句。

[译文]翻阅我的报纸，我很震惊地看到发生在亚洲的飓风摧毁了城市的照片。

 

2.Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...

[分析]本句是主从复合句。从句是now that 引导的原因状语从句，从句it是形式主语，代替后面的动词不定式。

[译文]既然地球上的灾难很难避免，也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……

 

 

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