Unit 5 What an adventure

一、词汇派生

1．initial adj.开始的，最初的

→ initially adv.最初，首先；开头

→initiative n．首创精神；倡议

2．confirm v．证实，证明 

→confirmation n．确认；证实；证明

3．crowd n．人群

→ crowded adj.拥挤的；塞满的

4．attempt n．努力，尝试vt.企图，试图；尝试

→attempted adj.企图的；未遂的

5．fail v．失败

→failure n．失败 

6．psychology n．心理学

→psychologist n．心理学家

 

二、一词多义

1．up to...

①I can take up to four people in my car.(多达)

②I don't feel up to the task.(胜任)

③Up to yesterday，I thought he was single.(直到)

④It's up to you to decide whether to go or to stay.(由……决定)

2．figure out

①I can't figure out what he was hinting at.(看透)

②Please figure out the total cost.(计算出)

③Could you help me figure out this problem?(解决)

④I didn't figure out how to do it.(想出)

⑤I simply couldn't figure out his intention.(弄明白)

 

三、知识要点

1.thus adv.因此，从而

The universities have expanded，thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.

大学扩招了，这样就使更多人能有机会接受高等教育。

We do not own the building.Thus，it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.

我们不是这栋楼房的房主，因此不能对它进行大改动。

[造句]老年人常常想方设法省钱吃饭，结果损害了他们的健康。

Old people often try to save money to eat，thus endangering their health.

[知识拓展]

therefore adv.因此；所以

so conj. 因此；所以

as a result 结果；因此

 

2.confirm v．证实，证明

confirm to have done sth.确认已完成某事

Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.

裁员的传言后来得到了证实。

His guilty expression confirmed my doubt.

他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。

[造句]你能证实一下接下来发生了什么事吗？

 Can you confirm what happened next?

[知识拓展]

→ confirmation n证实，证明；确认函

→ confirmed adj. 成习惯的，根深蒂固的，坚定的

 

 

3.(be) similar to 与……相似

My opinions are similar to his.

我的看法跟他的相似。

She has a dictionary similar to mine.

她有一本和我的类似的词典。

[造句]玛丽的帽子和简的差不多。

Mary's hat is similar to Jane's.

[知识拓展]

be similar in... 在……方面相似，和……差不多

→ similarly adv. 相似地；类似地

→ similarity n. 相似；类似

 

4.bring...into focus 使……成为焦点

This will broaden your horizons and bring new ideas and opportunities into focus.

这会开阔你的视野，为你关注的事物带来新的想法与机会。

We touched on too many topics，so the group leader brought all of them into focus by summarizing.

我们谈及了许多话题，因此组长通过总结把所有讨论的问题谈清楚了。

[造句]新经理组织能力太强了，很快就把主要问题搞清楚并且解决好。

The new manager was so well­organized that he brought the problems into focus and solve them soon.

[知识拓展]

focus n．焦点；集中点；焦距；中心v.(使)集中；聚集

focus sth.on 集中某物于/把某物对准……

focus one's attention/mind/energy on

集中注意力/心思/精力于

→ pay attention to...

 

5.figure out弄明白

I can't figure out what he is talking about.

我真搞不懂他在讲什么。

No one could figure out where the gas came from in his magic.

没人能搞懂他魔术中的气体来自哪里。

[造句]小男孩似乎弄明白了老师正在讲解的题目。

The little boy seems to have figured out what the teacher is explaining.

[知识拓展]

figure n．数字；图形；人物；身材；体形；人影

v．计算；想；估计；认为

keep one's figure  保持(优美的)身材

figure on  期待， 指望， 依赖

figure that 认为， 认定

As an important figure of the company，Sue tried to figure out how to announce that the company had earned less than 6 figures that year.And most importantly she figured that few people was likely to believe her.

作为公司的重要人物，苏设法想出如何公布公司去年收益不到六位数的消息。最重要的是，她认为很少有人会相信她。

 

6.attempt vt.企图，尝试n.努力，尝试

In an attempt to  attract more customers，they took a variety of measures.

为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。

The two friends made an unsuccessful attempt at a compromise.

这两个朋友试图和解但未成功。

[造句]为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。

Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.

[知识拓展]

attempt at doing sth./to do sth.尝试或努力做某事

make an attempt at doing/to do sth.尝试或努力做某事

at one's/the first attempt第一次尝试

 

7.refer to...as... 把……称之为......

I always refer to him as a bookworm.

我总是称他为书呆子。

People who work in offices are usually referred to as“white collar workers”．

那些在办公室工作的人被称为“白领工人”。

[造句]她总是称汤姆为“那个好人”。

She always refers to Tom as “that nice man”．

[知识拓展]

refer to sb.指的是某人；提及某人

refer to sth. 参考；查阅；提及

In his speech，he didn't refer to the pollution of the company at all.Although his secretary prepared enough related information about it for him，he didn't refer to any.He was referred to as an irresponsible leader by his colleagues.

在他的演讲中，他一点儿也没有提及公司的污染问题。尽管秘书为他准备了这方面足够多的材料，但是他一点也没有参照。他被同事称为一个不负责任的领导。

→ reference n.参考

 

8.stand for... 代表；主张 

It's well known that the olive branch stands for peace.

众所周知，橄榄枝代表和平。

We Chinese stand for peace and wish to settle all disputes by peaceful means.

我们中国人民是主张和平的，希望用和平方式解决争端。

[造句]PRC代表中华人民共和国。

PRC stands for People's Republic of China.

[知识拓展]

stand by 站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持

stand out 显著；突出

stand up  站立；站起来

can't stand sth./doing sth. 不能忍受(做)某事

stand seeing (see) children smoking anywhere at any time.

 

四、重点句式

1.It is ＋ 过去分词 ＋从句

(教材P51)　It is still not known if he succeeded in reaching the top of Qomolangma before it took his life.

目前还不清楚他是否在丢掉性命之前成功登上珠峰峰顶。

句式分析：该句中it是形式主语，后面的if引导的从句是真正的主语。而且此处的it不可用其他词如this，that等来代替。在英语中，只有it可作形式主语。

It is not known if he is fit for the job.

还不清楚他是否适合这份工作。

It is widely known that seven people were killed in the accident.

人们都知道这场事故中有七人丧生。

[造句]　大家都知道中国姓放在名字前面。

It is known that family names come before the first name in China.

[知识拓展]

(1)句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that”中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estimated，admitted等。

(2)下列三种句型可以相互转换

It＋be＋过去分词＋that

→People say/think...＋that...

→Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式

①It is generally agreed that he is one of the most famous writers in our country.

(大家普遍认为)

②It was reported that he had won the game at his first international competition.

(据报道)

 

2.either...or...要么……要么……

(教材P51)　With the majority of attempts to climb Qomolangma resulting either in total success or failure，is there also a scientific reason behind this risk­taking?

大多数登珠峰的尝试要么完全成功，要么彻底失败，在这种冒险行为背后是否也有科学依据呢？

句式分析：本句中either...or...是连接词，意为“或者……或者……；不是……就是……”。在这里连接两个宾语。

I'm going to major either maths or biology in university，as both are my favorite subjects.

在大学里我打算要么学数学，要么学生物，因为这两个都是我最喜欢的科目。

You either go or stay.Don't just wander here doing nothing.

你要么走，要么留。不要在这儿走来走去无所事事。

[造句]　我们要么选张伟做我们远足的队长，要么选刘迪。

We will elect Zhang Wei or Liu Di as our captain of going outing.

[知识拓展]

either...or...主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语；连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子。其否定式可以是not either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。

Either you or I am wrong.It is impossible that we are both right.

 

五、难句分析

1．(教材P50)　For these people，climbing Qomolangma is an experience like no other，making some feel weak and others，powerful.

[分析]　此句是一个主系表结构的简单句。Climbing Qomolangma是动名词短语作句子的主语。like no other是介词短语意思是“与众不同”。making some feel weak and others，powerful是动名词短语作定语修饰表语an experience，结构为：make sb.do sth.，and 后面为省略结构，原句应该为making others feel powerful。

[译文]　对于这些人来说，登珠峰是一种与众不同的体验，能让一些人感到虚弱，让另一些人感到强大。

 

2．(教材P51)　Psychologist Frank Farley has spent years studying people who jump out of planes and drive fast cars，as well as those who climb Qomolangma.

[分析]　此句是一个主从复合句。主句是主谓宾结构的句子。其中spend time doing sth.后面的宾语people后面有两个who引导的定语从句；as well as连接两个定语从句。

[译文]　心理学家弗兰克•法利用多年的时间研究那些高空跳伞以及开快车的人，以及那些登珠峰的人。

 

 

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