***Unit 1　Science and Scientists***

一、根据句意，用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．The local government is ________ (blame) for not informing the public of the case in time.

2．________ (consequent), this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.

3．Today, we are just as closely linked ________ each other by the bonds of friendship as we were 20 years ago.

4．They felt ________ (frustrate) at the lack of progress.

5．Those who lack resistance are more likely to ________ (infect) with the virus.

6．________ (initial), the system worked well, but then we met some challenges.

7．The priceless treasures ________ (cast) into the Nile during the war.

8．As a sports fan, I ________ (subscribe) to several sports channels on TV last  year.

9．Joe listened, ________ (shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another.

10．The leak was eventually ________ (trace) to a broken seal.

 

二、根据句意，用适当的单词或所给单词的适当形式填空。

1._____ Henry failed the exam again made all of us surprised.

2.War broke ____ one evening and Kate came into the room breathlessly.

3.The man came down _____a disease which caused him to lose the sense of smell.

4.All members must get over their natural desire _____ (avoid) the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.

5.While we can’t change the body type we are born with，we can’t blame our genes _____ making us fat.

6.The president says he has a passion for China，_____ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.

7._____ this reason，tourist organizations need to have second thoughts about what exactly they are trying to sell.

8.But that is not ____Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.

 

三、完成句子

1．我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。

We haven't decided ________________ for our summer holiday.

2．他似乎对他的老师说了谎。

________________ he told a lie to his teacher.

3．放学后我要去修自行车。(have)

I'll ____________________ after school.

4．通常，公共汽车上太拥挤，我找不到坐的地方。

Usually, it's ________ crowded on the bus ________ I can't find anywhere to sit.

5．Stephen Hawking ________________ (同意) the big bang theory from the beginning.

6．The hot weather is partly ________________ (对……负有责任) the water shortage.

7．For some people, the ability to achieve something ________________ (与……紧密相关) their attitudes.

8．People who ________________ (接受挑战) were those who were determined and perseverant.

9．Tea houses in Hangzhou ________________ (追溯到) the Southern Song Dynasty (1127～1279).

10．Small color choices are the ones we ________________ (非常熟悉的).

 

四、阅读理解

More than four decades ago, British scientist Robert Edwards first witnessed the miracle of human life growing inside a test tube at his Cambridge lab, Since that ground­breaking moment, more than four million babies have been born through IVF (体外受精)  and in 2010 his great contribution to science was finally recognized as he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

The prize for Dr. Edwards, who was given a Daily Mirror Pride of Britain Award in 2008, includes a  ￡900，000 cheque. The Nobel Assembly described IVF as  “a milestone in modern medicine”．

With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, the Manchester­born physiologist developed IVF—leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby. Dr.  Steptoe died 10 years later but their work has transformed fertility (生育)  treatment and given hope to millions of couples.

It was a scientific breakthrough that changed the lives of millions of couples. They said,  “His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes humans unable to have a baby. This condition has been afflicting a large percentage of mankind, including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.”

Professor Edwards, who has 5 daughters and 11 grandchildren,  began his research at Cambridge University in 1963, after receiving his PhD in 1955. He once said, “The most important thing in life is having a child. Nothing is more special than a child.”  With the help of fellow scientist Patrick Steptoe, Prof. Edwards founded the Bourn Hall clinic in Cambridgeshire, which now treats more than 900 women a year. Each year, more than 30，000 women in Britain now undergo IVF and 11，000 babies are born as a result of the treatment.

But his work attracted widespread criticism from some scientists and the Catholic Church who said it was “unethical and immoral”．

Martin Johnson, professor of reproductive (生殖的) sciences at the University of Cambridge,  said the award was “long overdue”. He said, “We couldn't understand why the Nobel has come so late but he is delighted－this is the cherry on the cake for him.”

Professor Edwards was too ill to give interviews but a statement released by his family said he was “thrilled and delighted”．

1．What is Robert Edwards' contribution to science?

A．Challenging a disease which stops couples having a baby.

B．Seeing the wonder of the first tube baby growing.

C．Enabling millions of couples to live a better life.

D．Helping couples with infertility to have test tube babies.

2．What does the underlined word “afflicting” in Paragraph 4 most probably refer to?

A．Troubling.  B．Developing.

C．Improving.  D．Frightening.

3．What can be inferred from Paragraph 6 and Paragraph 7?

A．Some people envied Professor Edwards for his being awarded.

B．Different opinions were voiced on Professor Edwards' work.

C．Professor Edwards deserved the prize for his breakthrough.

D.The prize was late because the finding was first considered immoral.

4．What might be the best title for the passage?

A．Life Stories of Robert Edwards

B．Preparations for Having a Baby

C．Nobel Prize for IVF Expert Edwards

D．Treatment of Infertility in a Lab

五、七选五

Nature soothes  (抚慰) our stressed­out souls.  We know that nature is the best treatment, and new research suggests we can gain benefits while visiting parks.

__1__   The study published in the International Journal of Environmental Health Research found that spending 20 minutes in a city park can make you happier, whether you use that time to exercise or not.

“In general, we found park visitors reported having an improvement in emotional well­being (健康) after the park visit，” the study's lead author, Professor Hon K. Yuen at the University of Alabama at Birmingham said in a statement.   __2__    “Instead, we found time spent in the park is related to improved emotional well­being.”

For the study, 94 adults visited three city parks in Mountain Brook, Alabama, completing a questionnaire about their subjective well­being before and after their visits.   __3__   A visit of between 20 and 25 minutes showed the best results, with an increase of about 64% in the participants' self­reported well­being, even if they didn't move a great deal in the park.     __4__

The study group was truly small, as the study's co­author and another UAB professor, Gavin Jenkins, admitted.   __5__   The challenge facing cities is that there is increasing evidence about the value of city parks but we continue to see the decrease of these spaces.

A．Something was used to track their physical activity.

B．You usually visit a small green space in your neighborhood.

C.However, its findings pointed out the importance  of city parks.

D．If you want to feel happier, you just need to exercise for 20 minutes in a park.

E．The best part is that you needn't visit a national park or go far out of your way.

F．This means people can benefit from visiting a nearby park, despite of physical ability.

G．But we didn't find levels of physical activity are linked to improved emotional well­being.

 

六、语法填空

One of the premier medical    1.________   (scientist) in the 21st century is Zhong Nanshan. Born in 1936 and   2.________  (graduate) from Peking University Health Science Center, this ordinary but great man has been working in the medical field for over 40 years. He is a good doctor in the patients' eyes and  3.________  kind medical professor in his students' as well.

In 2003, SARS broke   4.________  in China and across the globe. Zhong Nanshan not only led but also    5.________ (take) an active part in the battle against SARS.  At that time most people had no 6.________  (nature) defense against the disease. Dangerous   7.________  it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard treating SARS patients. Meanwhile he underlined the fact  8.________  teamwork among nations could save lives. Through  9.________ (they) several months' hard work, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable achievements. Soon SARS   10.________  (wipe) out.

七、读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Disappointed and upset, Tom found his money box empty. The coins lying on the bed added up to $36.22. But the bike he wanted cost $88. Where and how could he get the rest of money? He knew his fellows all had bikes,  without which he couldn't hang around with them on weekends. He thought about asking his parents for money, but soon gave up because he knew it wouldn't happen.

Earning money seemed to be the only way. So he had to find a job first. He decided turn to Mr Brown for advice, who usually had opinions in most things. “Well, you can start right here, the floor needs cleaning and my car needs washing.” Then Tom's part­time jobs began. For two months he worked every day after finishing his homework. He was surprised by a variety of jobs people found for him to do. He could hardly remember how many cars he had washed and how many windows he had cleaned, but he knew his dream would soon come true because the money kept increasing. The day finally came when he counted all the money he earned and found nearly 100 dollars. He couldn't wait to go down to the shop to buy his dream bike.

It was by hard work that he bought the bike he had been dreaming of. So he cherished it very much. He had achieved what he thought was impossible,  and that was more valuable than the bike.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；

2．请按如下格式作答。

Eager to show off his new bike to his fellows, he rode home in a hurry.

 

____________________________

 

20 years later, Tom devoted himself to ________

 

***参考答案***

一、1．to blame　2.Consequently　3.to　4.frustrated　5.be infected　6.Initially　7.were cast　8.subscribed　9.shifting

10．traced

二、1.That   2out  3 with  4  to avoid  5 for  6 which 7 For  8 what 

三、1．where to go　2.It seemed that

3.have my bike repaired

4.so; that　5.subscribed to

6.to blame for

7.is closely linked to

8.took on the challenge

9.trace back to

10.are most familiar with

四、1．D'细节理解题。由第三段的第一句中的leading to the birth of the world's first test tube baby以及第四段的“His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a disease which makes humans unable to have a baby.”可知，罗伯特·爱德华兹的试管婴儿技术帮助很多不能生育的夫妇有了孩子。故D选项正确。

2．A'词义猜测题。由第四段可知，他的成就使患有不孕症的夫妇有孩子成为可能，而这种不孕症一直困扰着全球超过10%的夫妇。故A选项正确。

3．B'推理判断题。由第六段的But his work attracted widespread criticism以及第七段的why the Nobel has come so late可知，人们对于罗伯特·爱德华兹的工作持不同的观点。故B选项正确。

4．C'标题归纳题。通读全文可知，短文主要讲述罗伯特·爱德华兹因创立了体外受精技术获得诺贝尔奖以及他研究的过程和受到的褒贬。故C选项正确。

五、1．E'根据下文中的“spending 20 minutes in a city park can make you happier, whether you use that time to exercise or not”可知，在公园里待20分钟就能让你更快乐，不管你是否利用那段时间来锻炼身体，故此处强调仅仅去公园就可以提高情绪健康(状况)，结合选项可知，E项符合语境。

2．G'根据空后的“Instead, we found time spent in the park is related to improved emotional well­being”可知，相反，我们发现在公园里度过的时间与情绪健康(状况)改善有关，故可推知，空前表示的是另外一种情况，即“我们没有发现体育活动级别与情绪健康(状况)改善有关”，故G项符合语境。

3．A'根据空后的“A visit of between 20 and 25 minutes showed the best results”可知，20到25分钟的参观显示出最好的结果，故空前应说明调查的过程，故A项“有一些东西被用来追踪他们的体育活动”与上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑。

4．F'根据上文内容可知，20到25分钟的参观显示出最好的结果，参与者的幸福感增加了约64%，即使他们在公园里不怎么运动。F项“这意味着人们可以从参观附近的公园中受益，无论他们的体能如何”是对上文的调查做出的总结，并与第二段中的研究结果相呼应。故F项符合逻辑。

5．C'根据空前的“The study group was truly small, as the study's co­author and another UAB professor, Gavin Jenkins, admitted”可知，正如研究报告的合著者——UAB的另一位教授Gavin Jenkins所说的那样，研究小组的规模确实很小，而空后则指出了当前城市面临的挑战，结合选项可知，C项“然而，发现指出了城市公园的重要性”承接上下文。

六、【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了医学专家钟南山的生平以及他的主要成就。

1．scientists'考查名词的数。one of后接复数名词。故填scientists。

2．graduating'考查非谓语动词。动词graduate与其逻辑主语this ordinary but great man之间构成主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。故填graduating。

3．a'考查冠词。此处表示泛指，结合空后的kind可知应用不定冠词a。故填a。

4．out'考查固定短语。根据语境可知，此处表示2003年，SARS在中国爆发并扩散至全球。break out意为“爆发”，符合语境，故填out。

5．took'考查动词的时态。本句中not only...but also...连接并列的谓语，根据led可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填took。

6．natural'考查形容词。名词defense前应用形容词修饰。故填natural，表示“天然的”。

7．as/though'考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示尽管危险，但钟南山努力工作，治疗SARS病人。此处形容词Dangerous位于句首构成倒装语序，所以用连词as/though引导让步状语从句。故填as/though。

8．that'考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导同位语从句，解释名词fact，所以用that。

9．their'考查代词。名词work前应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。

10．was wiped'考查动词的时态和语态。动词短语wipe out与句子主语SARS之间是被动关系，且事情发生在2003年，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was wiped。

七、参考范文

Eager to show off his new bike to his fellows, he rode home in a hurry. His fellows were more than glad that Tom owned his bike so that they could make a trip together. Excited and confident, Tom told them the fact that he spent spare time doing a variety of jobs to realize his dream with money earned by himself. All of his friends admired him for his hard work, expressing that they would learn from him, achieving their goals without giving up. Going home happily,  Tom was encouraged and required by his parents to thank Mr Brown and others for the part­time jobs they offered. Thinking of many surprising jobs, Tom understood all of them, and was moved to tears.

20 years later,  Tom devoted himself to running a company with the name of Good Opinions. He was willing to give good opinions to people in difficulty, offering a variety of jobs and helpful equipment to help them overcome all the challenges and live a happy life. He used his action to thank Mr Brown and others and spread their kind spirits.

 

 

 

 

 

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