***Unit 5 First Aid***

☞ Unit 5 单词表和听力

(文章有本单元完整音频，含视频内容）

***Reading and thinking (pages 50-51)***

1-rj-xx2-unit 5 reading and thinking.mp3音频：00:00/03:57

It's a great honour to save a life. - Leigh Bardugo

拯救一条生命是一种莫大的荣誉。- 李·巴杜格

--课文翻译--

FIRSTAID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.

 

CAUSES OF BURNS

You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.

 

TYPES OF BURNS

Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage

First-degree burns：These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.

Second-degree burns：These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.

Third-degree burns：These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.

 

CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS

First-degree burns

• dry, red, and mildly swollen
• mildly painful
• turn white when pressed

Second-degree burns

• red and swollen, blisters: watery surface
• extremely painful

Third-degree burns

• black and white
• swollen, the tissue underneath can often be seen
• little or no pain if nerves are damaged: maybe painful around the edges of the burn

 

FIRST-AID TREATMENT

1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.

2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.

3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.

4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.

5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.

6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.

 

烧伤急救处理

皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。

 

烧伤的原因

很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。

 

烧伤的种类

根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。

一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。

二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤

三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。

 

烧伤的特点

一度烧伤

干燥、发红、微肿

微痛

受压时变白

二度烧伤

发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液

极度疼痛

三度烧伤

皮肤发黑或变白

肿胀;通常可见皮下组织

如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感

 

急救处理

1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀

2.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。

3.如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。

4.用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。

5.如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。

6.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。

 

***Using language (page 55)***

2-rj-xx2-unit 5 Listen to a 999 call in England and answer音频：00:00/02:11

3-rj-xx2-unit 5 Listen again.mp3音频：00:00/02:05

--听力原文--

Operator: Hello, this is the ambulance.

Boy: Hi, it's my grandfather... his breathing has gotten really bad. We need an ambulance!

Operator: OK. Could you tell me your address?

Boy: 18 West Highgate.

Operator: And your phone number?

Boy: Oh, it's…it's 655-212. Please hurry! I think he's dying!

Operator: Now calm down and tell me what's wrong.

Boy: His face looks funny… [Screaming.] Granddad! Granddad! Keep breathing! Help, please

Operator: Right. How old is he?

Boy: He’s 68

Operator: And are you with him now?

Boy: Yes, Me and my mother.

Operator: I'll tell you what to do. First, is he on his back?

Boy: Yes, I just moved him on his back

Operator: Next, remove any pillows.

Boy: OK. What next?

Operator: Now look in his mouth. Any food there?

Bov: No. Oh, he's started to breathe again!

Operator: So, he's breathing?

Boy: Yes, but his lips are blue! He’s making strange noises! Can you hurry!

Operator: The ambulance is on the way. Is he conscious now?

Boy: No. [Boy starts crying.] He’s not breathing again.

Operator: Listen to me! Next, tell your mum to put her hand in the middle of his chest, and press down.

Boy: Mum, put your hand in the middle of his chest and push down.

Operator: You need to do this quickly…twice per second.

Boy: Twice a second, Mum! Hurry! Oh, he’s not breathing anymore.

Operator: Just be calm and do what I tell you. The ambulance is on the way. ress Pthe chest twice a second. Keep doing it.

Boy: Keep doing it, Mum!

Operator: I know it's very tiring. If your mother needs a break, you should change places.

Boy: Please hurry up! Oh, the ambulance is here! [Sound of a siren in the background]

Operator: I can hear them. I can hear them

Boy:Oh, thank you so much.

--听力答案--

Activity 3

Activity 4

 

***Using Language (page 56)***

4-rj-xx2-unit 5 using language.mp3音频：00:00/03:16

 

--课文文本和翻译--

Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table. A fellow diner at the restaurant, Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.

 

Chen wasted no time. He got up and ran to Zhang's table at once. With the help of Zhang's friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.

 

Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick practical, and easy. It is so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how.

 

If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services. Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim’s back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.

 

Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, as you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again.

 

With choking victims, every minute counts. You cannot just stand by and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, "How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another's welfare”

 

北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。

 

陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着他站了起来。接着，陈伟站在张涛的背后，实施海姆立克急救法。食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检査，确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。

 

噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利・海姆立克发明了海姆立克急救法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命。海姆立克急救法简便、实用、见效快。事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。

 

如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电话。然后，确定此人确实是被噎住了:人被噎时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果不奏效，那么你可以实施海姆立克急救法。具体做法是:站在此人身后，用双臂环抱其腰部。只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上在里挤压。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。

 

不建议对小孩实施海姆立克急救法，因为你可能会伤到他/她。相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他/她恢复呼吸。

 

救助噎食者，分秒必争。不要袖手旁观。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过急救方法。看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。后来，陈伟谈起此事时说道:“我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢?大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。”

 

***Video Time (Page 48)***

 

，时长04:03

--视频脚本--

Para-life Rescue

Narrator: The Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro—or Rio, as it is commonly known—is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Its combination of impressive coastline with absolutely stunning mountains attracts people from all over the world.

Sports like paragliding have long been very popular in this beautiful coastal region and now there is a new type of glider in town. It's called the paramotor. It consists of a lightweight engine and a large propeller. Both are strapped to the back of the pilot. The aircraft was originally invented for sports and leisure, but these days it's saving lives.

The use of paramotors for search-and-rescue began several years ago when Brazilian paragliding champion and instructor Ruy Marra was flying a tour over Copacabana Beach in Rio.

Ruy Marra: I was flying over Copacabana Beach in 1995, doing (an) advertisement for a company with (a) paramotor, when I saw a woman drowning under me. And then I was very worried. I (had ) a life preserver for myself, and then I had the idea to use (it and) to3 give (it to) her. So I put it on my leg. I came down, because it is easier to manoeuvre the paramotor. I shouted (to) her and then I gave her the life preserver. That's the way it was (with) the first rescue in the world with (a) paramotor.

Narrator: Since that first rescue, Marra has founded a private business and developed the Para-life Rescue System into an important component of beach safety all around Brazil. Over the past few years, his staff of 20 people has been responsible for over 80 rescues. Para-life pilots are now often cheered as they take off and land.

Initially, Marra had to receive government approval for his Para-life business. He also had to get a cooperation agreement from the lifeguard association. The lifeguards turned out to be big fans of the system. They work with the Para-life teams by communicating through two-way radios. This has greatly expanded the lifeguards' search-and-rescue capabilities.

Lifeguard: It is a great help to us, because it really helps to have an aerial view of the beach and the swimmers offshore. Once a person is sinking, the paramotor pilot can drop a life preserver to them and sustain them until we get there

Narrator: Para-life pilots prepare for their flights by strapping themselves into a lightweight but powerful frame. The frame holds the propeller and a small backpack equipped with a life preserver, binoculars, and two-way radio. The small motor keeps the pilot in the air for up to three hours and allows the aircraft to get down to the water quite rapidly.

Once a victim is discovered, the pilot first calls in to the lifeguards. Then, the pilot flies against the wind to reduce flight speed and manoeuvres close enough to drop the life eserver to the swimmer. The pilot then continues to fly above the victim until the lifeguards arrive.

The beaches of Rio can get extremely crowded during the three-month-long high season. During this period, three Para-life teams, with two pilots each, work Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays, as long as the winds are manageable.

To identify the highest-risk areas for swimmers, pilots also look for dangerous rip currents. A rip current is a strong surface flow of water that's moving towards the sea from nearer to the shore. Para-life pilots can identify them because they are lighter in colour than normal waves when seen from above.

Marra is planning to start a Para-life programme in Brazil that teaches both essential piloting skills and water rescue skills. He also intends to offer a paramedic course. In the future, Marra is still going to be saving people from drowning at the beach, but if his plans go well, he'll also be teaching people everywhere how to use the Para-life Rescue System.

Ruy Marra: My long-term idea is to train people in other countries to (do) this, to use the Para-life Rescue System and help the lifeguards, and push down the numbers of people drowning on the beach.

Narrator: Hopefully someday soon, everyone’s beaches can be safer with the Para-life Rescue System.

 

***WorkBook***

***Listening and Speaking (page 91)***

6-rj-xx2-unit 5 listening and speaking.mp3音频：00:00/02:11

7-rj-xx2-unit 5 listening again.mp3音频：00:00/02:02

 

--听力原文--

Teacher: We've looked at several first-aid treatments. Now let's see just what you can remember. OK Let's say Lucy has a nosebleed. What should she do... Sarah?

Sarah: Sit down and bend forwards slightly. Squeeze her nose just below the bridge until the bleeding stops.

Teacher: Why should she bend forwards?

Peter: she gets the blood all over the floor instead of on her clothes. Everyone laughs.

Teacher: Very funny, Peter...Rachel?

Rachel: So the blood runs out of her nose and she doesn't choke on it

Teacher: That's right OK, next situation. What should you do if someone's clothes are on fire? Jim?

Jim: Stop him from running around, as that makes clothes burn faster. Tell him to drop to the floor and cover him up with some thick cloth

Teacher:And then what?

Jim: Roll him on the ground until the fire goes out. Then treat him for burns

Teacher: Good. OK, what about this one? What if your friend got a piece of food caught in his throat and he’s choking? Gary?

Gary: If he couldn't cough, I'd bend him forwards and give him several quick hard slaps on his back with my hand.

Teacher: Yes, that should do the trick. Now Peter, what if Ben sprained his ankle playing football?

Peter: I’d get him to sit down and put some ice on his ankle to reduce the swelling. Then I'd tell him to put his foot up on a chair. After that I’d bandage up his ankle

Teacher: Great. Now let’s talk about snakebites. What if a snake bites you?

Peter: Bite it back! [Everyone laughs.]

Teacher: Thank you, Peter.Now the first thing to remember is…[Fading out.]

 

--听力答案--

 

***Reading and writing (pages 92-93)***

8-rj-xx2-unit 5 reading and writing.mp3音频：00:00/04:02

 

***unit 5全部听力音频（含视频部分）***

 

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不论你是读小学、初中或高中各年级；

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