考向一语法一致

 

语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

 

1.　单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。

 

☛His father is working on the farm.

☛  Time is money.

☛  To finish all the work on time is impossible.

☛ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

☛ The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.

 

◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。

What I bought were 3 English books.

What I say and do are helpful to you.

 

2.由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。

Lucy and Lily are twins.

She and I are friends.

Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

 

◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。

The writer and artist has come.

 

◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Every student and every teacher was in the room.

No boy and no girl likes it.

 

3.主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。

Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.

Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

 

4.either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Each of us has a new book.

Everything around us is matter.

Neither of the texts is interesting.

None of us has been to South Africa.

 

5.定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。

He is one of my students who are working hard.

He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

 

1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.

A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

 

2（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it   64   (be) more effective at lengthening life   65than   walking, cycling or swimming.

【答案】is

【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。

 

3.He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.

A. has；anyone likesB. have；does anyone like

C. has；no one likesD. have；anyone likes

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。

 

6.集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。

His family is a happy one.

The whole family  are watching TV.

The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)

One third of the population here are workers.(人)

◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

 

7.由　a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。

  The rest of the lecture is wonderful.

  A lot of time is wasted.

  A lot of people take part in the meeting.

  2/3 water is drunk by him.

  2/3 students are absent.

 

8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。

On the wall are many pictures.

Such is the result.

Such are the facts.

 

It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.

A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take

【答案】A

【解析】主谓一致指＂人称＂和＂数＂方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success     a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often    years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。

 

03

考向二 意义一致原则

 

1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Twenty minutes is enough for the work.

One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.

 

2.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。

The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.

one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。

One and a half apples is left on the table.

 

3.算式中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）

 

4.表示学科的以－ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。

Physics is an important subject in middle schools.

Mathematics is the study of numbers.

Politics, economics, athletics等。

 

5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。

The glass works was built up in 1980.

These glass works are near the railway station.

 

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