Unit 2 Morals and Virtues

一、重点单词

(1) dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境

1.面临左右为难的境地：face a dilemma

2.处于进退两难的境地: be in dilemma

3.道德困境: a moral dilemma

研讨会上这位专家的缺席使我们进退两难。

The expert’s absence from the seminar puts us in a dilemma.

她进退两难， 不知该留在学校还是找份工作。

She was in a dilemma as to whether to stay at school or get a job.

 

(2)major adj.主要的 n. 主修课程，专业；主修学生 vi.主修 

There is a major problem with parking in London.

在伦敦,停车是个很大的问题。

He is a history major.

他是主修历史的学生。

International Business is my major.

国际贸易时我的主修课。

She majored in maths and physics at university.

她在大学期间主修数学和物理。

→ majority n 大部分；大多数

1.大多数: the majority of

2.占多数: be in the majority 

When the headmaster spoke out his plan, the majority of the students in the class were in favor of it.

 

(3)complain vi/vt抱怨；发牢骚

1. 抱怨，投诉某事: complain to sb about sth

2. We complained to the travel agency about the terrible service during our trip.

→ complaint n.抱怨，投诉

他一直向我抱怨充满压力的生活。

He is always making a complaint to me about the stressful life. 

You have no cause for complaint.

你没有理由抱怨。

 

(4)respond v.回答；回复 做出回应；回应,反应；回答；回复

对......做出回应: respond to

→ response n.回应，回复

1.对......没做出回应: make no response to

2对......的回应: in response to

These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen

He made no response to my question, and went on with his movie.

 

(5)hire vt.聘任；雇用 租用  n. 租借；租用

1.（短期）出租某物 hire sth out

2.雇用某人做某事: hire sb to do sth

3. Running a company is not simply a matter of hiring people—they also need to be trained.

→ fire vt  开除，解雇

 

(6)reject v. 拒绝接受；不录用 n. 废品，次品

1.拒绝接受某人的想法、建议、计划:reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan

2.拒绝接受一个论点、一个决定、一项提议reject an argument/ a decision/an offer

3.He was quite depressed to find his suggestion rejected at the meeting.

→ rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决

 

(7)appointed adj. 指定的，约定的

He wasn't there at the appointed time.

他没有在指定的时间在那里。

→ appoint vt任命；委派

1.派某人任某职appoint sb to sth

2.任命某人（担任）...... appoint sb as

3.派某人做某事appoint sb to do sth: 

4.约定时间、地点做某事: appoint a time /place for sth/to do sth

→ appointment约定，约会；任命。委任

1.和某人约会：have an appointment with sb

2.预约: make an appointment

3.按照约定: by appointment.

 

(8)retire vi/vt退休；退职；退出

1.从......退休: retire from ...

2.从......职位退休: retire as ...

3.退休教师: a retired teacher

→ retirement退休、退休生活

退休年龄:retirement age

 

(9)scary恐怖的，吓人的

1.恐怖一刻: a scary moment

2.恐怖片: a scary movie

→ scare惊吓；使害怕 vi受惊吓 

1.恐吓某人做某事: scare sb into doing sth

2.把......吓跑: scare…..off/away

→ scared 害怕的；对......感到惊慌或恐惧的

害怕做某事: be scared of sth/ be scared to do sth

 

(10)sharp adj. 急剧的；锋利的；明显的

1.锋利的刀: a sharp knife

2.锋利的牙齿: sharp teeth

3.价格急剧上涨、下跌: a sharp increase/ fall in prices

4.头脑敏锐的新闻记者: a journalist with a sharp mind

→ sharply adv. 锋利地；敏锐地；急剧地

The price of petrol is increased sharply since last month

→ sharpen vt.使变锋利；使提高

Ann sharpened her pencil and wrote down the instructions in her notebook.

 

(11)energy n. 精力，能源

1.充满活力: be full of energy

2.把精力投入到某事中: apply/devote/put one’s energy to sth

→ energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的

1.保持活力；keep energetic

2.热情支持者: an energetic supporter

3.The teenagers in our town are lively, enthusiastic and energetic.

→ energetically adv. 积极地；精力充沛地

 

 (12)replace 接替；取代；更换,取代，代替

1.用B取代A: replace A with B

2.被......取代; be replaced by...

3.取代某人当: replace sb as ...

4.The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

5.老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。

It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

 

(13)operator n. 操作者，经营者

I am a computer operator.

我是一名计算机操作人员。

→ operate vi.动手术；操作；经营

The doctor began to operate on the boy.

医生开始给那个男孩动手术。

The lift doesn't operate properly.

这台电梯运转不正常。

→ operation n. 手术；企业；经营

1.在运行: in operation

2.使......运转、启动: put sth into operation

3.投入运营: come into operation

4.给某人做手术: have an operation on sb

5.Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

 

(14)whisper v.i & n. 悄声说；耳语；低语   耳语声；低语声；传言；谣传

1.密谈某事：whisper about sth

2.对某人窃窃私语:whisper to sb

3.有人私下说: It is whispered that

4.低声地: in a whisper

5.常见的后接双宾语的结构

向某人解释: explain sth to sb

向某人宣布: announce sth to sb

向某人介绍: introduce sth to sb

向某人提议: suggest sth to sb

向某人报告: report sth to sb

6.Mum whispered to us, “be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping.”

 

(15)assist vt帮助；援助

协助某人做某事: assist sb with/in sth

如果你能协助我们做这项工作，它很快就能完成。

Provided that you assist us with/in the job, it can be done quickly.

→ assistant助手；助理

店员: a shop assistant

→ assistance援助，帮助；辅助设备

1.在某人的帮助下: with the assistance of sb

2.给某人以援助: give/ offer assistance to sb

 

(16)spill vt/vi (spilt/spilled, spilt/spilled) 使洒出；使溢出

1.喷涌出来: spill out

2.倾诉: spill sth out

3.溢出: spill over

4.涌向街头: spill into street.

 

(17)harm n/vt. 伤害；损害

1.对......有害的：do/cause harm to

2.无恶意，无意伤害: mean no harm/ not mean any harm

3.没有受到伤害、损害 come to no harm

4.对......无害、有很大害处: do no/ great/ much/ a lot of harm to

5.做某事无妨、无害: there is no harm in ding sth. / It does no harm to do sth

6.不要吃太多药，吃多了弊大于利。

Don’t take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you do.

→ harmful adj. 有害的，无害的

→ harmless adj. 无害的

 

二、重点短语

1.carry sb through sth.帮助某人渡过难关；完成；

(1)实行；履行: carry out

(2)继续......: carry on with/on doing sth

(3)运走；使失去自制力: carry away

(4)使某人回忆起（某事）: carry sb back to sth

(5)The support of her mother carried Jane Goodall through and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.

(6)经理们讨论了他们希望看到明年实施的计划。

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.

 

2.tend to do sth 易于做某事；往往会发生某事

(1)照顾 照料: tend to sb/sth

(2)有......的趋势，倾向于......、tend towards

(3)He tends to get disappointed when failing the exam.

(4)Mum was always tending  to my younger sister during the night and she tended to  have less sleep.

 

3.first aid 

(1)（对某人）实施急救: do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid to sb

(2)帮某人的忙: come to one’s aid==come to the aid of sb

(3)为了帮助: in aid of

(4)在......、的帮助下. With the aid of

(5)帮助某人做某事aid sb in doing sth

(6)在某方面帮助某人: aid sb with sth

 

4.pass away 去世（委婉说法）

(1)经过: pass by

(2)转交；转给: pass …. on

(3)把......传给后人: pass down

(4)刚才你看到有个穿黑衣服的人经过吗？

Did you see a man in black pass by just now

 

5.in memory of 作为对......的纪念

(1)In+名词+of 类短语

庆祝: in celebration of

赞美，歌颂: in praise of

寻找: in search of

负责；掌管: in charge of

支持: in support of…

支持；赞同: in favour of

拥有: in possession of

需要: in need of

代替: in place of

就......而言: in terms of

纪念: in honor of

(2)The library was built in memory of the scientist who had made significant contributions to society,

 

6.in tears 留着泪

(1)突然大哭起来：burst into tears==burst out crying

(2)眼里充满泪水: be filled with tears

(3)使某人流泪、沉默: reduced sb to tears/silence

(4)把某人感动的流泪: moved sb to tears

(5)几乎落泪: be close to tears

(6)忍住泪水: hold back one’s tears

 

7. a great deal of 大量

(1)学习了很多: learn a great of..

(2)对某人了解很多；know a great deal  about sb

(3)感觉好多了: feel a great deal better

(4)意义重大: mean a great deal

(5)A great deal of work has been done to improve our living environment so far..

 

三、重点句式

1.Not only….but also…..

教材原句

( 1 )When you listen. you should pay attention not only to the words but also to how the speaker is talking.

当你听得时候，你不仅要注意语句，而且要注意说话人是怎么说话的。

（2）Not only I but also he attaches the importance of recycling garbage.

不仅我而且他也认为循环利用垃圾很重要。

她不仅为老人提供了食宿，而且为他买了单程票。

（3）Not only had she provided, but also the old man with accommodations, ____ she had bought a single for him.

 

2.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气

  (1) Think about what you would do if you were ever faced with the same situation as the girl.

想想如果你遭遇和那个女孩同样的情况，你会怎么做？

(2). If Newton _lived__ today, he would be surprised by what has been discovered in science and technology.

如果牛顿生活在现在，他会吃惊于科技领域的发现。

 

3. 否定词+比较级+than......没有......比......、更加......

（1） 对一个人来说， 没有比生命更珍贵......

To a person, nothing is more precious than their life.

(2) 我认为没什么比读书更令人愉快的。

I think nothing is more pleasant than reading.

 

4. 独立结构

教材原句

（1）过了一会，一群女人走了过来，每个人头顶上顶着一罐水。

After a while, a group of women came along, each balancing a pot of water on her head.

句式仿写

（2）一天， 我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来，船上载满了鱼。

One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish.

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