来源：

https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/nobel-prize-literature-winner-2021/index.html

整理 | Penny

The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to the novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah, for his "uncompromising and passionate" portrayals of the effects of colonialism.

portrayal [pɔːˈtreɪəl] n. 描绘，描写

colonialism [kəˈləʊniəlɪzəm] n. 殖民主义

Gurnah was born in Tanzania in 1948 but moved to England at a young age. He has written 10 novels, many of which focus on the refugee experience.

Tanzania [ˌtænzəˈniːə] n. 坦桑尼亚

His 1994 novel "Paradise," which told the story of a boy growing up in Tanzania in the early 20th century, won the Booker Prize and marked his breakthrough as a novelist.

Booker Prize 布克奖：当代英语文学界最重要的年度书奖之一

"Gurnah's dedication to truth and his aversion to simplification are striking," the Nobel Committee for Literature said in a statement. "This can make himbleak and uncompromising, at the same time as he follows the fates of individuals with great compassion and unbending commitment."

aversion [əˈvɜːʃn] n. 厌恶

bleak [bliːk] adj. 沮丧的，没有希望的，阴郁的；荒凉的，暗淡的

unbending [ˌʌnˈbendɪŋ] adj. 坚定的，固执的，倔强的

His 2001 book "By the Sea" follows a refugee living in a British seaside town. And his most recent work, "Afterlives," picks up the narrative of "Paradise" and takes place during the German colonization of Africa.

narrative [ˈnærətɪv] n. 叙述，叙事

colonization [ˌkɒlənaɪˈzeɪʃn] n. 殖民，殖民地化

His characters "find themselves in a hiatus between cultures and continents, between a life that was and a life emerging; it is an insecure state that can never be resolved," the committee said.

hiatus [haɪˈeɪtəs] n. 裂隙，空隙，间断

Prior to his retirement Gurnah, 73, was also a professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the University of Kent in England.

Postcolonial Literatures 后殖民文学

The committee's decision to recognize a writer whose workstackle the themes of displacement, asylum and migration comes amid a years-long migrant crisis in Europe that has intensified during the Covid-19 pandemic.

tackle [ˈtækl] v. 处理，解决

displacement [dɪsˈpleɪsmənt] n. 迫使迁徙，逐出家园

asylum [əˈsaɪləm] n. 庇护，避难

"I don't think the acute situation right now in Europe and around the Mediterranean has affected this prize because the phenomenon of exile and migration has been there for many years," Anders Olsson, chair of the Nobel literature committee, told reporters after the award was announced on Thursday.

acute [əˈkjuːt] adj. 严重的

Mediterranean [ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən] n. 地中海

"But it is quite clear that his writings are extremely interesting and powerful right now in Europe and around the world," Olsson added. "We are affected by what is happening in the world and it would be very strange otherwise."

Previous winners of the literature prize include the French philosophers Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, British playwright Harold Pinter, and novelists including John Steinbeck, Toni Morrison and Kazuo Ishiguro.

It was more controversially won by the singer Bob Dylan in 2016, while the committee was criticized for giving the 2019 title to Austrian writer Peter Handke despite controversial past comments about the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s.

controversially [ˌkɑːntrəˈvɜːrʃəli] adv. 有争议地

The first Nobel laureate in literature was French poet Sully Prudhomme, winner of the inaugural prize in 1901.

inaugural [ɪˈnɔːgjərəl] adj. 创始的，成立的

This is the fourth Nobel accolade to be given out this week, after the awarding of the three science prizes. The winner of the peace prize will be announced on Friday.

accolade [ˈækəleɪd] n. 奖项，荣誉

背景知识：

瑞典文学院10月7日宣布，将2021年诺贝尔文学奖授予坦桑尼亚小说家阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳（Abdulrazak Gurnah）。颁奖词是：“毫不妥协并充满同理心地深入探索着殖民主义的影响，关切着那些夹杂在文化和地缘裂隙间难民的命运。”

阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳1948年出生于桑给巴尔（现隶属坦桑尼亚），20世纪60年代作为难民移居英国，代表作有《天堂》（Paradise）、《沙漠》（Desertion）、《海边》（By the sea）等。从20世纪80年代开始，他陆续出版了10多部小说和一些短篇小说，作品围绕难民主题，主要描述殖民地人民的生存状况，聚焦于身份认同、种族冲突及历史书写等，他展现的后殖民时代生存现状被认为具有重要的社会现实意义。

该作家的作品暂时没有发行中译本。

（来源：百度百科）

 

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