Unit 1 How can we become good learners ?

一、重点短语

1. make word cards

2. ask sb. for help

3. work with a group

4. read aloud  

5. speaking skill 

6. give a report 

7. word by word 

8. fall in love with

9. as well 

10. It’s a piece of cake

11. look up 

12.take notes

13. keep a diary

14. join an English club

15.be born with

16. pay attention to

17. connect … with

18. write down

19. even if 

20. explain sth. to sb. 

21. be afraid of doing sth. 

22. be stressed out  

23. bit by bit

24. at once 

25. depend on

26. in common 

27.  make mistakes  28. because of

 

二、重点句型

1. - How do you study for a test? 

- I study by working with a group. 

(用by+v-ing形式回答用“how”提出的问方式方法的疑问句。

How do you improve your listening skills? 

By listening to tapes. / By watching English News.)

 

2. The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time. (注意so…that… 与such… that…用法的区别。so+adj./adv+that+句子，such+a/an+adj.+单数名词 or such+adj.+复数名词+that+句子

 (1). It’s such an interesting story that we all like it. 

(2) The question is so difficult that no one can answer it.) 

 

3. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie.

 

4. I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 

(强调此处介词with的用法，类似的句子：She doesn’t have a house to live in. )

 

5. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. (此句whether or not引导主语从句，注意翻译技巧，一个句子作主语，谓语动词用三单)

 

6. The more you read, the faster you’ll be. (The+比较级…the +比较级…越……就越……eg. The less you eat, the thinner you’ll be.)

 

7. It is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. (短语中to为介词)

 

8. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

 

9.Knowledge comes from questioning.知识源于质疑

know-knowledge-knowledgeable

 

10. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well.(由形容词wise转换成副词wisely与形容词good转换成well的运用)

 

三、知识梳理

1.how（问方式方法）怎样；如何

① ---How do you learn English well?

---I learn it by using it in my daily life.

② Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

 

2.by 介词，通过.凭借......的方式，后跟V-ing.

I learn Chinese by listening to tapes.

【注】

① by可表示位置， “在……旁边”:

Come and sit by us.

 

 ②可表示交通、传递等的方式:

Peter goes to work by bus every day

 

③可用于构成被动语态，“被，由”:

English is spoken by lots of people.

 

 ④可表示时间，“到（某时）之前；不迟于”:

Tony will come back by 10:00 pm.

 

【运用】根据提示，用含有by的短语完成各句。

1) Annie went to Beijing _______ (乘火车) yesterday.

2) His grandfather made a living _________ (靠卖水果) in the past.

3) The scientists have to arrive at the village _________ (八月以前).

4) Allen goes ________ (经过邮局) on his way to school every    

Morning.

5) The book was written ____________ (由几个工程师).

【答案】 

1) by train  2) by selling fruits  3) by August

4) by the post office  5) by several engineers

 

3.辨析aloud, loud和loudly

①aloud 出声地；大声地。常与read/ call等词连用, 不用于比较级。

Don’t read aloud in the library. 

 

② loud 大声地；喧闹地。指说话声和笑声，常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用, 常用比较级。

We can’t hear you. Please speak louder. 

 

③loudly 高声地；喧闹地。可以和loud互换，含有“吵闹”的意思，不悦耳。

Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly.

 

4.What about/ How about…? 后跟名词，代词或v.-ing。用于征求意见，“......怎么样？”“......呢？”       

①What about a cup of tea? 

②How about you? 你呢？        

③What /How about going to the zoo this afternoon? 

 

5.句型It is+too+adj.+ (for sb.)+to do sth. 意思是“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。It 是形式主语，不定式（to do sth)是真正的主语。

 It’s too important to keep healthy.

 It’s difficult for him to learn two languages.

【注】

It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.与It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.的区别

①It's＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth, 形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能        力，或主观感情.态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice，clever, foolish        等，可改为“Sb. is＋adj. to do sth.”结构。

It’s foolish of him to do so.

=He's foolish to do so.

 ②It's＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth，形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点或客观形式的形容词，如easy，hard，difficult, interesting， impossible等，不能改为“Sb. is＋adj. to do sth.”结构

It is important for people to learn team spirit.

 

6.too + adj / adv + to + v 意为“太......以至于不能......”

① The room is too dirty to live in.

② He walks too slowly to get there on time.

 

【注】

so + adj/ adv + that + 句子，意为“如此......以至于”，可以与too...to互换，此外还可与 not + adj + enough + to do 互换, 此结构中的adj与上两个结构相反

My sister is too young to go to school.

= My sister is so young that she can’t go to school.

= My sister is not old enough to go to school.

 

【练习】将下面的句子翻译成英语：

1) 孩子们在那条河里游泳是危险的。

2) 晚饭后散步太有必要了。

3) 水太烫, 不能喝。

 

7. find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很……，其中it是形式宾语, adj.做宾补,  to do sth.是真正的宾语

 Wei Fen finds it difficult to learn English.

 

【练习】 

1) I found it __________ (interest) to talk with my grandfather

2) I found it hard for me ___________ (improve) spoken English.

【答案】 interesting, to improve

 

【注】find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事

I find the girls dancing under the tree.

【练习】

The teacher found Nancy _____ English when he came in. 

A. read     B. reading    C. readed

 【答案】 B

 

8. afraid用法

① be afraid of sth./doing sth.   害怕做某事(担心出现某种不良后果)

② be afraid to do sth.   害怕去做某事(“怕” 或“不敢”去做某事)    

③be afraid +that  恐怕……(礼貌地说出令人不快.失望或感到遗憾的事) 

 

【练习】

Tina is so shy that she is afraid of ____ in front of a group.     

 A. to speak               B. speak   

C. speaking               D. spoke

【答案】C

 

9.  called 被叫做

 One day I watched an English movie called Toy Story.

 

【注】call用法归纳

call sb.

=telephone sb. 

=phone sb. 

=give sb. a call 

=ring sb. up  

给某人打电话  

call on sb.  拜访某人  

 

10. discover v. 发现; 发觉

指偶然或经过努力发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物。

I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning. 

 

11.动名词短语（v-ing)作主语，谓语动词用单数

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.

 

12.look up (在词典.参考书中或通过电脑)查阅; 抬头看

   I want to look up some new words in a dictionary.

【注】

①look it / them up

 ②look用法归纳

look after   照顾  

look like    看起来像

look out     当心, 小心    

look through   浏览

look for       寻找

look forward to    期待   

look around   向四周看

have/take a look  看一看

look over   检查 

 

13.“疑问词+动词不定式”结构

I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.

 

【注】what to do后不需要跟宾语；how to do后必须跟宾语

 

14.join/join in/take part in 的区别

① join=be a member of 参加, 指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。

join the army / party 入伍/党

join the club 加入俱乐部

 

 ② 参加某种活动用join in ，如说“与某人一起做某事”，则用join sb in sth/ doing  sth

May I join in the game?

Come and join us in the discussion.

 

Join in 多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛.游戏”等，常用于日常口语

Come along , and join in the ball game.

Why didn’t you join in the talk last night?

 

③take part in参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用,往往指参加者持积极态度，起一份作用。

I took part in the sports meeting yesterday.

 

15.even though=even if 即使, 引导让步状语从句。even though 引导让步状语从句时，不能与but连用

 Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.

 

【练习】

—This dress was last year’s style. 

— I think it still looks perfect ____ it has gone out this year. (2012青海)

A. so that           B. as if

C. even though  D. ever since

  【答案】C

 

16.try 的用法

①try on 试穿 

The skirt is beautiful. Can I try it on ?

 

 ② try to do sth. 努力做某事，侧重尽力做

She tried to carry the basket.

 

③ try doing sth. 试图做某事，侧重尝试做

The boy tried making a model plane.

 ④ try one’s best to do sth.

= do one’s best to do sth. 

尽某人最大努力做某事

I will try my best to improve my English.

 

17.辨析：find/look for/find out

① find v. 找到，强调找到的结果 

② look for 寻找，强调找东西的过程

  I can’t find my pen. I am looking for it everywhere.

③ find out 查明，找到，指经过调查，询问等弄清事实的真相

Read the passage , and find out the answer to this question.

 

18.“The＋比较级…，the＋比较级…”，表示“越……越……”，

The busier my mother is, the happier she feels.

 

【练习】

—The doctor told me not to eat too much, but I find it difficult.

—The doctor is right. ________ you eat, ________ you will be. 

A．The less; the healthier 

B．The less; the more healthier

C．The more; the healthier

D．The more; the more healthier 

【答案】A

 

19.辨析voice/noise /sound

 ①voice 多指人说话.唱歌.鸟的叫声以及乐器发出的悦耳的声音。

 ②noise n → noisy adj. 吵闹的 指不悦耳的吵闹声 如嘈杂声.噪音等  

make a noise

③sound n 泛指人听到的任何声音。v 听起来

 

 【练习】

① At the foot of Wulian Mountains, you can hear the ____ of running water.

A. sound     B. noise 

C. voice       D. silence

 ②–Do you like the song You and Me?    

--Of course. It ____ great.

A. sounds       B. looks      C. smells

 ③ Oh, my god! The kids are making too much ____ here. I can’t do anything.

A. sound       B. voice 

C. noise        D. footstep

【答案】A A C

 

20.so that引导目的状语从句

 I want to learn new words so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.

 

21.make mistakes in sth  在某方面犯错误

I often make mistakes in grammar.

 

22.depend on取决于；依靠；依赖 

—Can you go for a picnic as planned?

—It depends on the weather. 

 

23.①at first = at the beginning 最初，开始 【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】

 

 ②first of all 首先，第一  【表明陈述事情的重要性】

 

【练习】

1.When you want to work for our country in the future, ____, we should have strong body and rich knowledge.

A. at first                   B. first of all 

C. for the first time   D. after all

2.We can do a lot to stay healthy. ____ , we should eat a balanced diet.

A. At a time     B. In fact  

C. First of all    D. All together

【答案】：B C

 

24.pay attention to关注；注意，to为介词，后跟名词.代词.动名词 

  You must pay attention to listening to your teacher in class.

 

25.unless如果不；除非，引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not

Don’t come unless I telephone you.  

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