专题 02——空格针对训练之段尾总结句技法指导

 

空格在段尾，通常是结论性、概括性的语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等。另外设空处在段尾，设空处前的一句或两句是重点语句，要重点阅读以锁定关键词。选项中也可发现前文同义词句。

 

七选五常常在首段结尾提出主题，或以某种吸引读者的方式引入新的事物或观点，为下文的进一步说明引领方向。解题时不仅要关注设空处与上句的联系，同时还要注意上下段的联系。

 

精练必刷题（一）

 

The study habits of top students

at Oxford University

Go to your lectures.

 

For the first 2 years of Oxford, I went to maybe 4 lectures out of hundreds available. __1__ In my third year, I went to almost every single lecture available, including those topics I was not personally involved or interested in.__2__ Firstly, lectures are FUN! I found so many gems (难能可贵的人) that influenced my thinking. I found so many passionate, knowledgeable speakers who got me excited about the topic. Secondly, I remembered more stuff! An hour in the lecture hall has massive returns on investment.

 

Be an active student.

 

For my first year at Oxford, I barely said anything in lectures. I didn't volunteer in discussions and, as a result, I didn't understand much. My understandings of different texts never matured or became complex. They stayed the same. __3__Then, somewhere in the middle of my second year, I got over myself and offered more of my own opinions. I responded to others, asked thoughtful questions, and interacted way more.

 

Being an active student also means asking for help. The smartest people learned everything from other smart people.__4__It doesn't matter how much new information you stuff into your head if you forget it the next day or cannot apply it. When you structure your studying, the most important task is always to ensure you are remembering the information you have already learned. __5__In order to improve your memory and absorb more information, you need to break your studying up into manageable pieces and review what you've previously learned in each new piece.

 

A．Study in small blocks.

B．That always comes first.

C．And they were often wrong.

D．Create a perfect study environment.

E．Some students study new information for hours.

F．My mind changed when I actually went to lectures.

G．I was foolish and lazy, severely disadvantaging myself.

 

（二）

 

Everybody has some goals in life. If you are not acting in a way that will help you achieve those goals, your confidence may be less. __1__Take real action.Lack of action. Watching TV isn't an action. Eating isn't an action, too. __2__ It can be a side hustle, a hobby ... Something that you want! Of course, when you set goals for life, you should be able to put them together, and make practical goals.__3__If you aren't proud of yourself, how can't you be in low spirits. The quickest way to overcome your situation is to win more often. Both are strong hormones (荷尔蒙) that push you to do more. __4__ You'll get more confidence from winning. This is how you get started — win.Face up to true selves.We should know ourselves very well and judge ourselves fairly. Instead of thinking about your own physical imperfections, or always comparing yourself with others' advantages, you should believe that you have bright spots, and that everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. __5__ If we would just accept and trust ourselves, confidence might be much stronger.

 

A．A real action is something that you want.

B．Calm down and think positively.

C．Keep normal relationships and make more warm­hearted friends.

D．If so, you need to read the following tips.

E．There is no such thing as a perfect person.

F．Once you start to win, you will always go for more winning.

G．High confidence comes with pride.

 

(三)

A city in the jungleIn the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut went out into the jungle (丛林), as he did almost every day. Tut was a gum (树胶) collector, looking for gum in the jungle. __1__ One day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.__2__ He ran to tell the local governor excitedly, and together they walked into the jungle. There they found Tikal, the city that the Mayans had built, many hundreds of years before. The two men saw pyramids (金字塔), squares and houses.For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city. __3__ Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the centre of Mayan civilisation (文明) in the area, but then the Mayans left it — nobody knows why! After 1,000 AD, the jungle began to cover it. __4__Seven years before Tut found Tikal, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle — but they hadn't mentioned Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had told people about a great city hidden in the trees, but no one had listened to them. __5__ Now the lost city had been found again, and people went there immediately to see it.

 

A．But no one had seen it for centuries.

B．To do this, he had to climb the trees.

C．And then people forgot that it was there.

D．So they lost the chance to find the treasure.

E．Tut found many other treasures after that.

F．More and more scientists began to study the Mayan city.

G．Tut didn't really know what he had seen but he knew it was something special.

 

一、语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牛津大学优秀学生的学习习惯。

 

1．选G　根据空前一句中的"I went to maybe 4 lectures out of hundreds available"可推知，作者当时非常懒惰，故选G项。

2．选F　根据该段内容可知，该段主要是讲作者参加课程后自己的发现和收获，并结合语境可推知，作者参加课程之后想法改变了，故选F项。

3．选C　根据语境可知，作者对语篇的理解不成熟，也不复杂，它们保持不变，由此可推知，它们也常常是错误的，故选C项。

4．选A　根据空处所在位置可知，空处是小标题；根据下文内容可知，该部分主要是讲学习知识要一块一块地积累，故选A项。

5．选B　根据空前一句可知，当你组织自己的学习内容时，最重要的任务是确保自己记住已经学过的知识，故B项符合语境。

 

二、语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样增强自信心。

1．选D　每个人都有一些生活目标，如果你没有找到能帮助你实现那些目标的方法，你的自信会减少。根据文章结构可知，空格处起承上启下的作用，本段提出"寻求自信"这一话题，进而引出下文，故D项正确。

2．选A　本段主要谈"采取真正的行动"，根据空格前两句可知，此处解释"真正的行动是什么"，故A项正确。

3．选G　 根据本段的关键词proud和confidence可知，本段的主题与自信和自豪有关。故G项正确。

4．选F　根据空格前两句句意"要想克服困难，最快的方法就是多赢。强烈的荷尔蒙会推动你做出更多的努力"和后一句句意"你会从取胜中获得更多自信"可知，此处是起到连接作用，F项中承接上文"多赢"，连接下文"从取胜中获得更多自信"，故F项正确。

5．选E　根据本段主题句"Face up to true selves."可知，此段主要是谈要面对真实的自我，每人都有自己的优点和缺点，此处表示"完美无缺的人是不存在的"，故E项正确。

 

三、语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Tut在危地马拉的丛林里寻找树胶的时候发现了消失已久的玛雅古城——蒂卡尔。

1．选B　根据文中的"Tut was a gum (树胶) collector, looking for gum in the jungle."及"he got to the top of one tree"可知，Tut是树胶采集者，为了采集树胶，他不得不爬树。故B项衔接上下文。

2．选G　根据下文中的"He ran to tell the local governor excitedly, and together they walked into the jungle."可知，Tut不知道他看到的是什么建筑，但他知道那肯定不一般，所以他兴奋地跑去找当地的长官同他前往那里一探究竟。

3．选A　根据文中的"For a long time before that day ... there was an old Mayan city"及"After 1,000 AD, the jungle began to cover it"可知，当地人知道丛林里有一座玛雅古城，但几百年来都没有人见过它。

4．选C　根据上文中的"the jungle began to cover it"可知，森林覆盖住了这座玛雅古城，所以人们渐渐地忘记了它的存在。

5．选D　根据上文中的"Even earlier than this, local Indians had told people about a great city hidden in the trees, but no one had listened to them."可知，当地印第安人曾告诉人们丛林里有一座伟大的城市，但人们都不相信，因而失去了发现蒂卡尔这个宝藏的机会。

 

*文章整理于网络，如有侵权，联系作者删除

 

更多高中必修单词，可以参考学习蔡章兵教授新单词书。

 

　

 

 

 

 

 

 

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