动名词属于非谓语动词的一种，它的基本结构和用法在初中阶段也是必考点。

 

 

 

 

1

 

动名词概说

 

动名词既具有动词的性质，又具有名词的性质，因此叫动名词。（归根结底动名词的词性是名词。）

 

① 动名词的动词性质表现在，它可以组成动名词短语。

如：

 

My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.

我的工作是为老板安排日程。

 

I finished the project in a month by working overtime.

我靠加班在一个月内做完了这个项目。

 

② 动名词的名词性质表现在，它可以在句中用作主语、宾语等。

如：

 

Studying abroad can be a good experience.

留学是一种很好的经历。(作主语)

 

I regret telling her the truth.

我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)

 

2

 

动名词的形式和特征

 

① 动名词的主动形式：doing

 

② 动名词的被动形式：being done

 

③ 动名词的复合结构：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/名词/宾格人称代词+动名词

 

在动名词复合结构中，物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语，这种复合结构多用作主语或宾语，也可用作表语或介词宾语。当动名词短语作宾语，放在动词或介词后时，名词所有格或物主代词分别可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格代替，如：

 

She suggested us forgiving him.

她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)

 

His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience．

他不懂英语，这给他带来许多麻烦。(作主语)

 

Our only worry is George’s overestimating himself.

我们唯一担心的就是乔治高估了他自己。(作表语)

 

I strongly object to your delivering the speech.

我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)

 

3

 

动名词的用法

 

① 动名词作主语

 

Retelling stories is very useful．

复述故事是很有用的。

 

Her resigning surprises us．

她的辞职让我们很惊讶。

 

在一些句子中，常用 it 作形式主语，将动名词放在句子后面。此类句型有：

 

1) It is + no use / no good / no fun / a great pleasure / a waste of time等名词+doing sth.

 

It is no good crying.

哭没有好处。

 

It is no use fixing.

修也没有用。

 

It is great fun traveling.

旅行很有趣。

 

It is a waste of time playing computer games.

玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。

 

2) It is + useless+doing sth.

 

It is useless crying.

哭没有用。

 

② 动名词作表语

 

Seeing is believing.

百闻不如一见。

 

My idea is making a plan first.

我的想法是先做一个计划出来。

 

③ 动名词作宾语

 

动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。

如：

 

I haven't finished reading today's newspaper．

我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语)

 

I'm afraid of going to the dentist．

我害怕去看牙医。(动名词going作介词of的宾语)

 

④动名词作定语

 

I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.

 

我想选个带游泳池的房子。

 

4

 

动名词与不定式的比较

 

① 动名词可以作介词的宾语，还可被名词所有格(或物主代词）修饰；不定式通常不作介词宾语，更不能被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰。

 

She is afraid of going to the dentist．(√)

She is afraid of to go to the dentist．(×)

她害怕去看牙医。

 

② 固定用法

 

1）某些动词后只能加动名词，常见的此类动词有：admit，avoid，consider，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，include，keep，miss，stop，suggest，give up 等，如：

 

I enjoy dancing．(√)

l enjoy to dance．(×)

我喜欢跳舞。

 

2）某些动词后只能加不定式，常见的此类动词有：agree，ask，claim，choose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，promise，quit，refuse，resolve，wish 等，如：

 

l decide to quit smoking．(√)

l decide quitting smoking．(X)

我决定戒烟。

 

3）某些动词后面既可加动名词也可加不定式，常她的此类动词有：attempt，begin，continue，deserve，fear，forget，help，intend，learn，like，love，mean，need，prefer，regret，remember，start，try等，如：

She cannot help crying．她不禁哭了起来。

She cannot help to cook．她不能帮忙做饭。

 

5

 

动名词固定搭配

 

1. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up.

 

2. practice doing sth. 练习做某事

practice doing this type of breathing several times per day.

 

3. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事

I can't imagine marrying such a woman.

 

4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事

Let's finish doing the work together.

 

5. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

My father has given up smoking.

 

6. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

I enjoy playing basketball.

 

7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事

I kept studying English for 1 hour yesterday evening.

 

8. put off doing sth. 推迟做某事

Sometimes students put off doing their homework until the last minute.

 

9. admit doing sth. 承认做某事

He admitted making the mistake.

 

10. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事

I suggest traveling abroad next month.

 

11. risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

To win the gamble,he risked losing 100 dollars.

 

12. advise doing sth. 建议做某事

He advises going to see a movie.

 

13. allow doing sth. 允许做某事

We don't allow smoking in the classroom.

 

14. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事

Try to avoid drinking and smoking.

 

15. appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事

We shall appreciate hearing from you again.

 

16. delay doing sth. 拖延做某事

Why have you delayed writing to him

 

17. deny doing sth. 否认做某事

John denied signing the contract.

 

18. escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

He escaped being killed.

 

19. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

He dislikes dancing in public.

 

20. discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事

I like to discuss doing sports with my friends.

 

21. excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事

He can't excuse coming late for work.

 

22. fancy doing sth. 想象 / 喜爱做某事

Are you fancy buying some food with me?

 

23. mind doing sth. 介意做某事

Would you mind opening window?

 

24. mention doing sth. 提及做某事

He mentioned watching TV.

 

25. forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事

They forbid parking here.

 

26. miss doing sth. 错过做某事

The thief missed being caught yesterday.

 

27. prohibit doing sth. 禁止 / 阻止做某事

The new rules prohibit smoking.

 

28. permit doing sth. 允许做某事

We do not permit smoking in the office.