用法

举例

一随主直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引语中的主语作相应的变化

①He said, “We love our country. ”

→He said that they love their country.

他说他们热爱自己的国家。

②She said to me, “I have left my books in your room. ”

→She told me she had left her books in my room.

她对我说她把书落在我屋里了。

二随宾直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化

①Tom asked me, “Are you a teacher? ”

→Tom asked me if I was a teacher.

汤姆问我是否是一名老师。

②He asked me, “Do you have a computer? ”

→He asked me if I had a computer.

他问我是否有计算机。

第三人称不更新直接引语中的第三人称在间接引语中不发生变化

①Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”

→Bill said that she was his elder sister.

比尔说她是他的姐姐。

②The teacher told Mary’s parents, “Mary is  a good girl. She is always ready to help others. ”

→The teacher told Mary’s parents that Mary was a good girl and she was always ready to help others.

老师告诉玛丽的父母说，玛丽是一个好女孩，她总是乐于助人。

直接引语

间接引语

例句

一般

现在时

一般

过去时

Tom said, “I usually get up at six. ”→Tom said (that) he usually got up at six. 汤姆说他通常六点起床。

一般

过去时

过去

完成时

Mike told me, “I walked to school yesterday. ”

→Mike told me he had walked to school the day before.

迈克告诉我他昨天步行去上学的。

现在

进行时

过去

进行时

Nina told me, “Linda is watching TV at home. ”→Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home. 尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。

一般

将来时

过去

将来时

She said, “I will see you at the same place tomorrow. ”

→She said (that) she would see me at the same place the next day.

她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。

现在

完成时

过去

完成时

Betty said, “I have worked in this factory for over ten years. ”→Betty said (that) she had worked in that factory for over ten years.

贝蒂说她在那家工厂工作有十多年了。

过去

完成时

过去

完成时

Bob told me, “I had lived here for years before I moved out. ”→Bob told me that he had lived there for years before he moved out. 鲍勃告诉我他在那儿住了多年才搬走。

直接引语

间接引语

指示代词

this    these

that    those

时间状语

now   today   tonight

this week    yesterday

last week  

three days ago

tomorrow    

next week

then  that day  that night     that week   the day before

the week before

three days before

the next day

the next week

地点状语

here

there

方向性

动词

bring    

come

take   

go

用法

例句

(1)如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，引导词用that，但在口语中通常省略，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化

①“I’m a teacher. ” she said.

→She said that she was a teacher.

她说她是一名教师。

②Bill said to me, “I like English very much. ”

→Bill told me that he liked English very much.

比尔告诉我说他非常喜欢英语。

③Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”

→Betty said (that) she was going to buy a bike the next day.

贝蒂说她第二天要买一辆自行车。

(2)如果是一般疑问句，要用连词whether或if引导，后面用陈述语序，时态、人称和状语都应作相应的变化

①“Are you a student？” Ann asked.

→Ann asked me whether (if) I was a student.

安问我是否是一名学生。

②The teacher asked me, “Can you swim? ”

→The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim.

老师问我是否会游泳。

(3)如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，要用相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when等引导，助动词do, does或did要舍弃，并把疑问语序改为陈述语序

①“What are you doing? ”my father asked.

→My father asked what I was doing.

爸爸问我在做什么。

②“When did you come here? ”he asked.

→He asked me when I went there.

他问我什么时候去那儿。

(4)如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时多用“名词（代词）+不定式”结构，否定句在to前面加not; 引述动词常用ask“请求”，tell“告诉”，order“命令”等

①“Please sit down. ” Jim said to me.

→Jim asked me to sit down.

吉姆请我坐下。

②“Don’t make any noise. ” the teacher told us.

→The teacher told us not to make any noise.

老师告诉我们别出声。