Unit5 First aid知识点详解

 

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

 

1．aid  n. ①[U]援助；救护；帮助 ②[C]辅助者；有助之物 vt. 帮助

 

While in the past we stressed aid，now we stress economic cooperation.

我们过去侧重提供援助，现在强调经济合作。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)do/give/offer first aid  进行急救

with the aid of  在……帮助下；借助于

come/go to one's aid  来(去)帮助某人

in aid of  作为……的帮助；为了

(2)aid sb to do.../in doing...  帮助某人做……

aid sb with...  帮助某人……

 

2．injury  n. [C]&[U]伤害；损害

 

Be careful lifting that heavy box—you'll do yourself an injury!

＝Be careful lifting that heavy box—you'll do an injury to yourself!

抬那个重箱子要小心——你会把自己弄伤的！

 

[快速闪记]

injure  vt. 损害；伤害

injured  adj.受伤的；受冤屈的

the injured  伤员

do sb an injury/do an injury to sb  伤害某人

 

3．bleed (bled，bled)  vi. 出血；流血；悲痛；流出 vt.使出血；给……放血

 

Our hearts bled for you. 我们为你感到悲痛。

bleed away one's life(＝bleed to death) 流血致死

Doctors sometimes bleed sick people. 大夫有时为病人抽血。

 

4. poison n. [C]&[U]毒药；毒物 vt. 使中毒；毒死；放毒于

poisonous adj. ①有毒的②(在道德上毒害人的)有害的

 

5．complex  adj. 复杂的

 

It is a complex system，but it certainly makes a change.

这是个复杂的体系，不过确实有所改变。

 

6．variety  n. 变化；多样化；多变性

 

Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.

中餐以菜系多样而闻名。

 

[快速闪记]

a variety of  种种；各种各样的

various  adj. 不同的；各种各样的

variously adv. 各种各样地

vary  vi. 不同；变化

 

7．swell (swelled，swollen/swelled)  vi. ①肿胀；膨胀 ②逐渐增加

 

His legs became red，swollen and covered with blisters.

他的腿变得红肿起来，布满了水泡。

His bank balance has swelled by ￡222，000 in the last three weeks.

在过去的 3 周里，他银行的存款多了 222 000 英镑。

 

8．squeeze vt.&vi. 榨；挤；压榨

 

[快速闪记]

squeeze out 榨出；挤出

squeeze through 挤过去

squeeze one's way 挤过

 

9．pour  vt. 倒；注；灌　vi. ①下大雨 ②涌出/进

 

Please pour me a cup of coffee. 请给我再倒咖啡。

It never rains but it pours. 不下则已，下则倾盆。

 

10．firm n. 商行；公司　adj. ①结实的；坚固的 ②坚定的；强有力的

 

I work in a law firm，practicing business law，you know. 我在律师事务所工作，如你所知，从事商业法。

The city walls are as firm as rock. 城墙坚如磐石。

 

[快速闪记]

firmly  adv. 坚定地；坚决地；牢牢地

 

11．apply  vt.&vi. ①申请 ②应用；使用；适用 ③涂、施

 

You should apply immediately，in person or by letter. 你应该立即申请，亲自去也好，写信也好。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)apply to sb for...  向……申请……

apply for  申请；请求

apply sth to sth 将某物应用某物；把……涂抹到……

apply to  适用……(to为介词)

apply oneself to  专心致志于……

(2)application  n. [C]&[U]请求；申请；应用；适用

applicant  n. [C]申请人；应征者

 

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

 

1．fall ill  生病

2．electric shock  触电；电休克

3．over and over again  反复；多次

4．in place  在适当的位置；适当

5．a number of  许多；若干

6．put one's hands on  找到

7．make a difference  区别对待；有影响

 

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

 

1．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.

约翰正在房间学习这时他突然听到一声尖叫。

 

2．It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.

正是约翰的快速反应和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。

 

3．So as you can imagine，if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.

因此，你可以想象到， 如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。

 

Ⅳ. 短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇。

 

A boy fell ill.His organs were damaged by the radiation of a stove.But before theambulance arrived，a number of other __1__(injury) happened to this unlucky boy over and over again.First，he __2__(choke) by some poisonous liquid from the kettle on thecupboard.Then his wrist skin was burnt by electric shock.Finally，his ankle was cut by apan.

Fortunately，the boy's nurse gave him proper temporary__3__ (treat) according to hiscomplex symptoms.She mildly squeezed the __4__(poison) liquid out of his throat and putbandages __5__(firm) in place to apply pressure to the ankle wound to stop __6__(bleed)．As for the burn，she used scissors to remove his sleeve，__7__(pour) a basin of cold water over the burn to cool it and put her hands on a damp blouse to cover his __8__(swell)tissue tightly.She also inspired his __9__(brave) to fight against the unbearable pain.Her first aid made __10__ vital difference in saving his life.A ceremony was held to honour the nurse who overcame a variety of barriers to save the boy.

 

【参考答案】

1. injuries 2. was choked 3. treatments 4. poisonous 5. firmly　

6. bleeding 7. poured 8. swollen 9. bravery 10. a

Unit5 First aid单元练习

 

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

 

1．The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks out of__place__ in the garden of a traditional home.

 

解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：有着现代风格的色彩鲜艳的家具适合现代的房屋和花园，但是放在传统风格的花园里看起来就格格不入。out of place不得其所的，不适当的，格格不入的。信息词but告诉我们应该填place表示“不合适的，格格不入的”。

 

2．Some school teachers complained, “Many kids haven't got any hobbies— __unless__ you call playing computer games a hobby.” 

 

解析：考查连词。句意：一些老师抱怨说“许多孩子没有任何爱好，除非你把打电脑游戏叫做一项爱好”。由句意可知，填unless，意为“除非，如果不”。

 

3．__Filled__(fill) with shame, the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.

 

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：因为愧疚感，这个小男孩低下头等他的父亲的惩罚。be filled with充满了……，故填过去分词。

 

4．Little Tom, who got burned while he was setting off fireworks, __is_being_treated__(treat) in hospital now.

 

解析：句意：小汤姆在放烟火时被烧伤了，现在正在医院救治。主句的时间状语为now，故用现在进行时的被动语态。

 

5．The boy made the same mistakes over __and__ over again, which，of course, made his parents very angry.

 

解析：句意：那个男孩一次次犯同样的错误，这当然令他的父母很生气。over and over again反复；多次，符合句意。

 

6．—Was it because of the terrible weather __that__ his flight was delayed?

—Not really. An old lady suffered a heart attack and they had to fly back.

 

解析：考查强调句型。题中的问句部分为强调句型的一般疑问句形式，被强调部分是“because of the terrible weather”，强调句型的一般疑问句的构成：Was/Is it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，故所填词用that。

 

7．—Don' t put so much __pressure__(press) on the children.It's harmful to their health.

—OK，I won't.

 

解析：考查名词词义辨析。put pressure on为固定搭配，意为“给……施加压力”。前句句意：不要给孩子们施加太多压力，这有害于他们的健康。

 

8．The number of people, who have access to their own cars，__has_risen__ (rise) sharply in the past decade.

 

解析：考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语是the number of people，所以谓语动词用单数；in the past decade表示时间从过去持续到现在，即“十年来”，因此用现在完成时。

 

9．There is little doubt __that__ you will be able to judge truth and error if you have confidence in yourself.

 

解析：doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中，其后从句常用whether引导；在否定句和疑问句中使用that引导从句。此处that无意义，也不作成分，是同位语从句的引导词。

 

10．They have earned lots of money, so I __firmly__(firm) believe that the business is a success.

 

解析：从They have earned lots of money可知，“我”坚信(firmly believe)生意是成功的。

 

Ⅱ. 完成句子

 

1．Because of days of performing first aid, the doctor __was_so_tired_that_he_fell_ill__(太累了以至于病倒了)．

 

2．There are a large number of books in the library, so I hope you can __put/keep_them_ in_place_after_you_read_them__(读后放在适当位置)．

 

3．__Having_squeezed_his_wet_clothes_out__(拧干了他的湿衣服后), he left the spot without any word.

 

4．In my childhood, my mother_reminded_me_over_and_over_again_to_(再三提醒我) pay special attention to table manners.

 

5．There's a temporary job for you. So please __send_your_application_form_if_possible__(如果可能发你的申请表来)．

 

6．The whole process is likely to become complex in a way, but __learning_to_perform_ first_aid_is_essential__ (学会急救是必不可少的) for a newcomer in the hospital.

 

7．It's a good habit to keep things in place, which will __make_a_difference_to_ one's_future_life__(对于一个人将来的生活有很大影响)．

 

8．Whether we can protect the rivers from pollution __depends_on_everyone's_ joint_efforts__(取决于大家共同努力)．

 

9．It's a mystery __why_a_large_number_of_insects_are_dying_out__(为何大量的昆虫正在灭绝)．

 

10．I doubt __whether_knowledge_about_first_aid_can_be_put_into_practice__(急救知识能否付诸于实践) in my daily life.

 

Ⅲ. 单句改错

 

1．It is clearly stated that these regulations apply for everyone in the community, without exception.

 

__for→to__

 

2．The doctor advised her to eat more bean products in the place of meat which might be harmful to her heart.

 

__去掉place前的the__

 

3．It's through commitment and sweat that I can make difference within myself inside and out.

 

__make后加a__

 

4．Little Tom, who got burned while he was setting off fireworks, is treated in hospital now.

 

__is后加being__

 

5．It's vital that a successful movie pays much attention to its theme and the figures' characters.

 

__pays→pay__

 

6．The children were playing football on the playground while it began to rain.

 

__while→when__

 

Ⅳ. 教材原句

 

1．First aid is a temporary form of help __given__ (give) to someone __who__ suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.

 

解析：第一空考查分词作后置定语，a temporary form of help与give为被动关系，故填过去分词；第二空为定语从句，先行词为someone，且定语从句缺主语，故填who。

 

2．It prevents your body __losing__ (lose) too much water.

 

解析：“prevent...(from) doing”意为“阻止……做……”。

 

3．If your skin gets __burnt__ (burn) it can be very serious.

 

解析：“get burnt”意为“烧伤；烫伤”。

 

4．There are other times __when__ giving first aid quickly can save lives.

 

解析：考查定语从句。先行词为other times且从句中缺少状语，故填when。

 

5．These __affect__ (effect) both the top and the second layer of the skin.

 

解析：句中缺少谓语动词，故应填effect的动词形式affect。

 

6．Remove clothing __using__ (use) scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.

 

解析：句意：除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。现在分词作方式状语，表示主动。

 

7．You can get burnt by a __variety__ (vary) of things.

 

解析：“a variety of”意为“各种各样的”。

 

8．It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid __that__ saved Ms Slade's life.

 

解析：该句为强调句型，故填that，强调部分为句子主语。

 

9．I'm proud of __what__ I did but I was just doing __what__ I'd been taught.

 

解析：两个what均引导宾语从句，且都在从句中作宾语。

 

10．Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by __touching__ (touch) a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.

 

解析：“by doing...”意为“通过某种方式”。

 

 

Ⅴ. 语篇填空

 

It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid ①__that__ saved Ms Slade's life.He immediately asked a number of nearby people ②__for__ bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, ③__his__ father got some tea towels and tape from their house.John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.He slowed the bleeding by applying ④__pressure__ (press) to the wounds ⑤__until__ the police and ambulance arrived.

“I'm proud of what I did ⑥__but__ I was just doing what I'd been taught，” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt ⑦__that__ John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make ⑧__a__ real difference.”

Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers ⑨__attended__(attend) a special reception yesterday ⑩__hosted__(host) by the Prime Minister.

 

Ⅵ. 话题写作

 

用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。

 

1．My sister__burnt_her_ankle__when she__knocked_over__a kettle on the cupboard.

 

我妹妹打翻了橱子上的水壶，烫伤了脚踝。

 

2．Her ankle__became_swollen__，and the pain was__unbearable__.I immediately provided some__temporary_treatment__.

 

她的脚踝肿了，疼痛难忍。我立刻提供了一些临时治疗。

 

3．I put some cloths in a basin of cool water，__squeezed_them_out__and placed them on the burned area__over_and_over_again__.

 

我把一些布放到凉水盆，然后拧干水，放到烫伤的地方，反复地这样做。

 

4．I dried the burned area__gently__.

 

我轻轻地把烫伤的地方弄干。

 

5．I took__a_pair_of_scissors__and cut__a_bandage__，with which I covered the ankle.I__tied_it_tightly__so that it would stay__in_place__.

 

我用剪刀剪下一条绷带，盖住脚踝。绑紧，以便固定住。

 

6．I__am_proud_of__what I did and it shows that a knowledge of__first_aid__ can__make_a_real_difference__.

 

我对所做的事很自豪，这件事表明懂得急救知识真的很有用。

 

组篇公式：适当加入过渡词。

 

答案：

My sister burnt her ankle when she knocked over a kettle on the cupboard.Her ankle became swollen，and the pain was unbearable. I immediately provided some temporary treatment. Firstly, I put some cloths in a basin of cool water, squeezed them out and placed them on the burned area over and over again.Then I dried the burned area gently. Finally I took a pair of scissors and cut a bandage，with which I covered the ankle. I tied it tightly so that it would stay in place.

I am proud of what I did and it shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.

 

 

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