Unit4 Body language

 

常考单词、高频短语和写作句式

 

Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

 

1．statement  n. 陈述；说明

 

His statement is completely untrue.

他的话完全是在撒谎。

 

2．greet  vi.&vt. 迎接；问候

 

I greeted her with a smile.

我笑着向她致意。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)greet sb with... 用……迎接……；用……向某人打招呼

(2)greeting n. (常用复数形式) 问候；祝贺；贺词

 

3．represent  vt. 代表；象征

 

In the western countries，V often represents victory.

在西方国家，V常象征着胜利。

 

He represented himself as a doctor.

他自称是一个医生。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)represent sth to sb 向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事

represent...as... 把……描绘成……

represent oneself as/to be... 自称是……

(2)representative n. 代表

 

4．curious  adj. 好奇的

 

The children were curious to know what was happening over there.

孩子们好奇地想知道那边正在发生什么。

 

[快速闪记]

(1)be curious about 对(某事物)感到好奇

be curious to do... 很想做某事；渴望做某事

 

(2)curiously adv. 好奇地

 

5．approach vt..&vi.接近；靠近；走近   n. 接近；方法；途径 

As summer approached，the weather became hotter and hotter.

随着夏天的临近，天气越来越热了。

 

[快速闪记]

be approaching (时间或某事)即将来临

(an) approach to 接近，做某事的方法(途径) (to为介词)

at the approach of... 在快到……的时候

make an approach to 接近……

 

6．defend  vt. 保护；保卫　defence  n. 防御；保卫

 

In the meeting few people spoke in my defence.

会议上，没有几个人为我辩护。

 

[快速闪记]

in defence (of) 保卫(……)

in one's defence 站在某人一边，为某人辩护

 

7．likely  adj. 可能的

 

He is the likeliest person for the job.

他是最适合做这份工作的人。

 

[快速闪记]

not likely 决不可能，绝对不会

 

8．function  n. 作用；功能；职能　vi. 起作用；运转

 

The machine will not function properly if it is not kept well－oiled.

机器没有上好油，就不会顺利地运转。

 

9．ease  n. 安逸；舒适　vt. 减轻(痛苦；忧虑)

 

Walking helped to ease him of his pain.

散步有助于解除他的疼痛。

 

[快速闪记]

take one'e ease 使某人放松一下

ease sb of sth 减轻某人的痛苦、负担等

 

10．subjective  adj. 主观的

 

This is a subjective judgement of her abilities.

这是对她能力的一种主观判断。

 

 

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

 

1．be likely to 很可能……；有希望……

 

He is very likely to be late for class.

他很有可能会上课迟到。

 

Is it likely that he will arrive so late?

他可能会来得很晚吗？

 

[快速闪记]

It's likely that... 可能……

 

2．in general 总的来说；通常

 

Your plan is good in general，but it isn't practical to carry out.

你的方案总体来说不错，但实施起来不可行。

 

[快速闪记]

generally speaking 一般说来

on the whole 总的来说

 

3．at ease  舒适；快活；自由自在

 

She felt completely at ease after she finished her work.

做完工作她完全放松下来。

 

[快速闪记]

with ease 容易地，相当于easily

 

4．lose face  丢脸

 

Don't be afraid to lose face；making mistakes is possible and common.

不要害怕丢脸，犯错误是很普通的。

 

[快速闪记]

lose heart  灰心；泄气

lose temper  发脾气

lose weight  减肥

lose courage  失去勇气

 

5．turn one's back to  背对；背弃

 

Don't turn your back to the facts.

不要回避事实。

 

[快速闪记]

turn one's back on 不理睬

 

6．in most cases  在多数情况下

 

In most cases，food poisoning happens in summer.

食物中毒大多发生在夏天。

 

[快速闪记]

in that/this case  在那种(这种)情况下

in all cases  在任何情况下

in any case  无论如何

in case (of)  万一，以防

in no case  决不(句子用倒装语序)

 

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

 

1．After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.

 

半个小时的等待之后，他们的班机终于到了，我看到几个年轻人走进等候区，他们好奇地向四周张望。

 

2．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed byJulia Smith from Britain.

 

第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。

 

3．Not all cultures greet each other the same way，nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.

 

各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也不一样。

 

4．How about showing that I am bored?

 

怎样表示我厌倦了呢？

 

5．We can often be wrong about each other，so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do! 

 

我们经常会彼此误会，因此我们之间能相互理解对方是很令人惊奇的事情！

 

Ⅳ. 短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇。

 

A Misunderstanding

In general，__1__(speak) statements are the major way of communication，but body language and __2__(face) expressions also have such kinds of function. For example，yawning means being not interested and __3__(turn) one's back to someone or swinging your fist shows your anger. But __4__ those gestures really mean issubjective in different cultures. Thus，__5__(misunderstand) happen now and then in today's world of cultural crossroads.

Once，representing the Adults' Education Association，I went to the airport to meet an official of high rank from Columbia and __6__(take) him to his dormitory and then to the canteen.After the flight arrived，I saw a man looking around __7__(curious)．So I approached to greet him.He suddenly dashed to hug me and kissed me on both __8__(cheek)．As a young girl，I felt truly embarrassed and put up __9__(I) hands to defend myself.His false smile told me that he had lost face.

Later，I received a cassette from him，in which he recorded his apology. On hearing that Columbians were more likely to kiss others，I soon felt __10__ ease.

 

答案：1.spoken  2.facial  3.turning  4.what  5.misunderstandings

6.take  7.curiously  8.cheeks  9.my  10. at

 

 

必修四Unit4同步常考知识点练习

 

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

 

1．I'll be out for some time.__In__ case anything important happens, call me up immediately.

 

解析：句意：我要出去一会儿。万一发生任何重要的事情，立刻给我打电话。in case“假使，万一”，引导条件状语从句。

 

2．__Having_spent__(spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.

 

解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：琳达，一名交换生，过去的一年是在香港度过的，因此她看上去比同龄人更成熟。分析句子结构可知，主语Linda与spend之间是主动关系，需用现在分词或不定式；再根据句中的关键词the past year可知，spend这一动作已经发生了，所以用现在分词的完成式形式having spent。

 

3．The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，__making__ (make) air conditioning unnecessary.

 

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果。用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果；不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是出乎意料的结果。

 

4．A good listener takes part in the conversation, __offering__(offer) ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.

 

解析：句意：一个好的聆听者要参与交谈，给出自己的想法、提出问题以使谈话顺畅进行。

 

5．I took my driving license with me on holiday, __in__ case I wanted to hire a car.

 

解析：考查连词短语。句意：度假时我随身携带驾驶证以备租车之需。

 

6．We'd better discuss everything __in__detail before we work out the plan.

 

解析：句意：我们最好在制订计划之前详细地讨论一切事情。in detail详细地。

 

7．__Approaching__(approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.

 

解析：句意：靠近城市中心时，我们看见一座大约10米高的石雕。逻辑主语we与approach之间是主动关系，且approach与saw几乎同时发生。

 

8．Stephen was chosen __to_represent__(represent) the company at the conference.

 

解析：句意：Stephen被选出代表公司参加会议。

 

9．Studies show that people who like sitting in the office for hours without a break are more __likely__ to suffer from back problems.

 

解析：句意：研究表明，喜欢长时间坐在办公室里不休息的人更可能得背部疾病。likely，possible和probable都意为“可能的”，但只有likely可用于sb.be likely to do sth.句型。

 

10．The old couple, __having__ lived in the small village for years，can tell the names of all the villagers.

 

解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，主语The old couple和live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且句中有表示一段时间的时间状语for years，因此用live的现在分词的完成式。

 

11．I know it's normal for such a thing to happen, but we __could/might/would/ should_have_avoided__(avoid) it if we'd been more careful.

 

解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：我知道发生这样的事情是正常的，但如果我们更小心一点儿的话，这样的事是可以避免的。根据句中的“if we'd been more careful”可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用could/might/would/should have done结构。

 

12．At the conference, political leaders from many countries promised to work together to defend the world __against__ terrorism and other threats.

 

解析：句意：会议上，来自多个国家的政治领导人承诺携手保护全球免受恐怖活动和其他威胁的伤害。defend...against“保护……免受……的伤害”。

 

13．—He should have been warned of the danger.

—So he __was__(be), but he wouldn't listen to me.

 

解析：考查固定句型。根据答句可知，后者赞同前者的话。此处强调的是发生在过去的客观事实，因此应用so he was。

 

14．Today there are more airplanes __carrying__(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.

 

解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机搭载乘客。分析结构可知，此处是there be结构，主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词；并且，airplanes与carry之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词作定语。

 

15．—Tom's still angry with me.

—You are __to_blame__(blame)．How dare you call him a liar! He's the last person __to_lie__(lie)．

 

解析：sb.be to blame“某人应对(过错、罪行)负责”，名词前有序数词，the last等词修饰时，该名词后接不定式。

 

Ⅱ. 完成句子

 

1．They __communicate_with_each_other__(相互交流) by telephone every week, talking and laughing to reduce the stress on work.

 

2．We have found __a_new_approach_to__(……的新方法) the study of English, which is beneficial to memorize the new words.

 

3．It wasn't a good thing.__On_the_contrary__(相反), it was a huge mistake.

 

4．We __had_a_little_misunderstanding_with__(与……发生了一点儿误会) our neighbors last night.

 

5．In addition, the clearness of statement __is_more_important_than__(比……更重要) the beauty of language.

 

6．Some children __find_it_difficult_to_communicate_with_adults__(发现与成年人沟通很困难)．(find＋it＋adj.＋to do)

 

7．并不是所有学生都能理解他。

 

__All_the_students_can_not_understand_him./Not_all_the_students_can_understand_him__.

 

8．__It_is_likely_that__(有可能) he isn't satisfied with his new occupation.

 

9．He promised to attend the party, but I don't know why he hasn't __turned_up__(出现) yet.

 

10．I wish you wouldn't __look_down_upon/on__(瞧不起) this kind of work because it is very important to us.

 

 

Ⅲ. 单句改错

 

1．I majored English when learning in university.

 

__majored后加上in__

 

2．When approaching for the house, they found something unusual, so they stopped to have a look.

 

__去掉for__

 

3．Speak clearly, or you'll make yourself misunderstand.

 

__misunderstand→misunderstood__

 

4．I am a little nervous.Give me a cup of tea to put me for ease.

 

__for→at__

 

5．The Olympic mascots are the Olympic flame, the fish, the panda, the Tibetan antelope and the swallow, represent a close group of friends.

 

__represent→representing__

 

6．Technologically spoken, China's Chang'e project does better than any earlier project of the same kind.

 

__spoken→speaking__

 

7．They were hidden in the forest to avoid having found by the enemies.

 

__having→being__

 

8．Having disappointed at failing in the math exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents.

 

__Having后加上been__

 

9．Have you been to Australia, which is an English­spoken country?

 

__English­spoken→English­speaking__

 

10．Wise teachers know it's impossible for all the students to learn all the subjects well because none of them are not fit for them.

 

__none→all__

 

Ⅳ. 教材原句

 

1．I saw several young people enter the waiting area__looking__(look) around curiously.

 

解析：考查非谓语动词作状语。look与young people之间为主动关系，故应用looking。

 

2．These actions are not good or bad，__but__are simply ways__in__which cultures have developed.

 

解析：第一空考查两句子之间的逻辑关系，结合语意两者表转折；第二空考查定语从句，此处先行词为ways，从句中不缺主语和宾语，故用in which引导。

 

3．Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her__on__the cheek.

 

解析：考查“kiss sb.＋介＋the＋身体部位”结构，身体部位是硬部位，故填on。

 

4．I moved back a bit, but he came__closer__(close) to ask a question and then shook my hand.

 

解析：考查形容词用法。结合语境中“moved back a bit”及but可知，此处用比较级。

 

5．The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely__followed__(follow) by Julia Smith from Britain.

 

解析：考查非谓语作定语。follow与Tony Garcia之间为动宾关系，故填followed。

 

6．I stood for a minute__watching__(watch) them and then went to greet them.

 

解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。watch与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用watching。

 

7．Body language is one of__the__most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than__spoken__(speak) language.

 

解析：第一空考查最高级用法，前面加the；第二空考查分词作定语，speak与language之间为动宾关系，故填spoken。

 

8．__Nodding__(nod) the head up and down__is_used__(use) for agreement almost worldwide.

 

解析：第一空考查动名词短语作主语；第二空考查主谓一致和语态，“点头”应该是被应用于……，故用被动语态，且动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

 

9．In almost every culture__it__is not good to stand too close to someone of a__higher__ (high) rank.

 

解析：第一空考查it为形式主语，不定式作真正主语；第二空考查形容词的级别，语意暗含比较含义，故填比较级。

 

10．Standing at a little distance with open hands will show__that__I am willing to listen.

 

解析：考查宾语从句。从句中不缺成分和语意，故填that。

 

Ⅴ. 语篇填空

 

Yesterday, another student and I, ①__representing__(represent) our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport ②__to_meet__(meet) this year's international students.③__They__ were coming to study at Beijing University.We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen.After half ④__an__ hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around ⑤__curiously__(curious)．I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.

The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.⑥__After__ I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised.Tony approached Julia, touched ⑦__her__ shoulder and kissed her ⑧__on__ the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised ⑨__and__ put up her hands, as if in defence.I guessed that there was probably a major ⑩__misunderstanding__(misunderstand)．

 

Ⅵ. 话题写作

 

用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。

 

1．肢体语言是交流的一种方法。

 

Body language is__a_way_of_communication__.

 

2．有着不同文化背景的人们对他们使用的手势很有可能产生误会。

 

People from different cultures__may_misunderstand__the gestures they use.

 

3．我们向某人点头时表示我们同意他的观点，但在有些国家点头表示的是不同意。

 

When we__nod_at_somebody__we mean we__agree_with_his_opinion__.But in some countries nodding one's head means disagreement.

 

4．我们通常认为交谈时直视某人表示我们在认真倾听，但在有些地区这种做法是不礼貌的。

 

We generally think__looking_somebody_in_the_eye__shows that we are listening to him attentively，while in some districts, it is rude.

 

5．如果你身在国外，了解当地的肢体语言是非常重要的。

 

__It_is_very_important_for_you_to_have_a_good_understanding_of_the_body_language__there if you are in a foreign country.

 

组篇公式：适当加入过渡词。

 

答案：

Body language is a way of communication. However, people from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use. For example，when we nod at somebody we mean we agree with his opinion. But in some countries nodding one's head means disagreement. We generally think looking somebody in the eye shows that we are listening to him attentively, while in some districts, it is rude. Therefore it is very important for you to have a good understanding of the body language there if you are in a foreign country.

 

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