Ⅰ. 常考单词必背

1. scene  n．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色

When he came on the scene，everything came to an end.

当他到场时，一切都结束了。

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behind the scenes 在幕后；在后台

on the scene 在现场，当场

appear/come on the scene 到场；出现

2. permit  vt.&vi.许可；允许；准许  n．通行证；许可证；执照

They are not permitted to go there with their father.

他们没有被允许和父亲一起去那儿。

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(1)permit doing sth 允许做某事

permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

permit sb sth 允许某人某事

(2)permission n．允许；准许；许可

3．ahead  adv. 在前；向前；提前

I have a very busy day ahead of me.

摆在我面前的是忙碌的一天。

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look ahead 向前看；展望未来

ahead of 在……前面；领先

ahead of time 提前

4．fault  n．过错；缺点；故障

He is always finding fault with my work.

他总是对我的工作百般挑剔。

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find fault with... 挑剔；对……吹毛求疵

at fault 有错；有责任

5. spot  vt. 发现；认出 n．斑点；污点；地点

Neighbours spotted smoke coming out of the house.

邻居们发现有烟从这所房子里冒出来。

He bought the car on the spot.

他当场就买下了那辆汽车。

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spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在干某事

on the spot当场；在现场；到现场

6. account  vi.& vt.认为；说明；总计有  n．说明；理由；计算；账目

The police asked him to give a brief account of what had happened.

警察让他简要说明一下发生的情况。

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on account of 由于，因为

on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)

take...into account/take account of 考虑到，体谅，顾及

7．seek vt.&vi.(sought，sought) 寻找；探索；寻求

I am always seeking to improve my teaching method.

我一直设法改进我的教学方法。

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seek after/for 寻找；寻求；追求

seek help/advice/assistance 请求帮助/征求意见/请求援助

seek out 找出；搜出

seek to do sth (相当于try to do sth) 打算/试图做某事

8. contrary  n．反面；对立面　adj. 相反的；相违的

His opinion is contrary to mine.

他的看法与我的看法相反。

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be contrary to 与……相反；相违背

9．amount  n．数量　vi. 合计；共计；接近

People in disaster areas have had a large amount of help from people all over the world.

灾区人民得到了全世界人们的大量帮助。

The cost amounted to ￡250.

费用共达250英镑。

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a(large/small) amount of＋n.[U](谓语动词用单数)

(large/small) amounts of＋n.[U](谓语动词用复数)

amount to... 共达……；合计……

10．manner  n．礼貌；举止；方式

He was walking in a rather unnatural manner.

他走路的样子很不自然。

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in a．..manner 以……的方式

it is bad/good manners to do sth 做某事没有/有礼貌

注意：当manner意为“方式；方法；举止；态度”时常用单数形式；当它意为“礼貌，礼仪；习俗”时常用复数形式。

Ⅱ. 高频短语必会

1. bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出

His new suggestion was brought up at the meeting.

他的新建议在会上被提出来了。

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bring about 引起；导致；造成

bring down 使(飞机)降落；使倒下；降低；减少

bring in 带进来；赚得；有收入

bring out 取出；说出；阐明；出版

2. by accident 偶然；无意中；不小心

I ran into an old friend in the street by accident.

我在街上偶然碰见一位老朋友。

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(1)同义词：by chance

(2)反义词：on purpose/by design有意地

(3)by no accident 绝非偶然

by mistake 错误地

3. go ahead  前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说

Go ahead! We are all listening to you carefully.

往下说！我们都在认真听你说。

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go by 经过；时间流逝　

go against 违背

go through 浏览；翻阅；遭受；用完；仔细检查

go over 复习；检查　

go on 发生，继续下去

4. stare at  盯着看；凝视

Everyone in the room turned to stare at her.

屋里的每个人都转过来盯她。

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stare sb down/out 盯得人局促不安

stare sb into silence 用眼睛瞪得某人哑口无言

stare sb up and down 上下打量某人

5. account for  导致；做出解释

He couldn't account for being absent from the meeting.

他不能对缺席会议做出解释。

6. on the contrary  与此相反；正相反

My grandma is not sick；on the contrary，she's in very good condition.

我奶奶没有生病；与此相反，她健康极了。

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to the contrary 有相反情况，相反的(地)

7. take a chance  冒险

He is just taking a chance to walk on such a thin rope.

他在这么细的绳子上走，完全是在冒险。

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have a chance to do sth 有机会干某事

8．as for  关于；至于

As for me，I shall not return there either.

至于我，我也不会回到那儿去。

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as to 至于，关于，就……而论

in/with regard to 至于，关于

Ⅲ. 写作句式必学

1．Well，towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.

嗯，夜晚来临的时候，我发现自己被一阵强风刮进了海里。

2．The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.

第二天早上，我正感到绝望的时候，一艘船发现了我。

3．And it was the ship that brought you to England.

正是那艘船把你带到了英国。

4．Well，it is well－known that Americans like to eat a lot.

嗯，美国人喜欢吃很多，这是大家都知道的。

5．Indeed，sir，I hope you'll come here whenever you like.真的，先生，我希望您随时光临。

Ⅳ. 短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇。

Sailing Home

This novel was about an unbelievable __1__ genuine adventure. Its author was a black businessman who __2__(bring) up in America. In 1956，he visited Africa，hisbirthplace. One day，when he was wandering on the pavement near the bay enjoying the sea scenes，he __3__(lose) his money and passport that he kept in an envelope. So he went to the embassy to seek help，but the ambassador with rude __4__(manner) didn't permit his staff to help though he bowed to him.__5__(stare) at hisimpatient face，he understood that __6__ was the fault of his skin colour thataccounted for their refection. So he decided to take a chance to sail on a small boat home.

He met a large amount of difficulty but was never stopped.On the contrary，__7__(difficult) pushed him to go ahead harder. Three months __8__(late)，he wasspotted by a ship by accident. He was __9__ rags indeed.A maid even screamed when bringing him a steak and pineapple dessert. Aboard，he earned his passage by working as a barber and got home finally. As for the name of his novel，he couldn't think of a better one __10__ the phrase “Go Ahead”．

答案　1. but  2. was brought  3. lost  4.manners  5. Staring　6. it　7. difficulty  8. later  9. in  10. than

必修3Unit3同步常考知识点练习

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1．—Jack can't concentrate on his lessons recently.

—Yes, that might account__for__his low score in the last test.

解析：句意：——最近杰克不集中精力学习。——是的，这可能是他上次考试得分低的原因。account for...“解释，是……的原因”符合句意。

2．The realization of the Chinese dream won't affect dreams of other countries.__On__ the contrary, it helps them realize their own dreams.

解析：句意：中国梦的实现不会影响其他国家的梦想，相反地，这会帮助他们实现梦想。由句意可知，选on the contrary，意为“相反地”。

3．__Whenever__ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.

解析：考查让步状语从句。句意：无论何时我要进行演讲，在开始前我都会极其紧张。

4．Exactly __when__ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.

解析：本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：马铃薯是在什么时候被引进到欧洲的不确定，但是可能是在1565年左右。分析结构可知，此处是主语从句的引导词。根据but并列句中的关键词 around 1565可以知道，此处表示“时间”，故要用when引导主语从句。

5．The professor thought that the idea the young engineer brought __up__ was worth considering.

解析：句意：教授认为那位年轻的工程师提出的想法值得考虑。分析句子结构可知，“the young engineer ________”是定语从句，修饰先行词the idea，且根据句意可知，bring up“提出”符合句意。

6．—What will we do tomorrow?

—It is unclear whether the meeting will go __ahead__ as planned.

解析：句意：——我们明天做什么？——尚不清楚会议是否会按计划举行。go ahead进行，符合句意。

7．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is __what__ my mother used to tell me.

解析：本题考查名词性从句的引导词。句意：“每次你吃甜东西，喝点绿茶。”这是过去妈妈经常对我说的话。分析结构可知，此处考查的是表语从句的引导词。从句缺少tell的一个宾语，用what引导。

8．There is much chance __that__ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

解析：There is much chance that...为常用句型，意为“很有可能……”。that引导的从句说明chance的内容，等同于同位语从句。

9．I found Jane __seated__(seat) at the desk, __doing__(do) her homework carefully.

解析：句意：我发现简坐在桌旁认真地做作业。seat为及物动词，用法为be seated或seat oneself，所以Jane后可接seated或sitting作宾补；doing her homework carefully是现在分词短语作伴随状语。

10．—Could I use this dictionary?

—Just go__ahead__.It's a spare one.

解析：本题考查情景交际。句意：“我能用一下这本词典吗？”“________，这是多余的一本。”根据“It's a spare one.”可知，后者应该是同意前者使用这本词典。just go ahead意为“用吧”，表示同意，符合语境。

11．There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，__staring__(stare) at the night sky.

解析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。根据句中的on my back可知，lying的动作由“我”发出，而stare的逻辑主语也是“我”，“凝视夜空”的动作由“我”主动发出，故用现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。

12．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves __lost__(lose) for words.

解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：即使最好的作家有时发现自己无以言辞。be lost for words“说不出话来”。然后结合“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可知，此处用lost作宾语补足语。

13．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with __patience__ (patient)．

解析：句意：每当我出错时，老师总是耐心地给我指出。with patience耐心地。

14．Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought __up__ to value the sense of sharing.

解析：本题考查动词短语在具体语境中的应用。句意：生在一个有三个兄弟的家庭里，戴维被教育要珍惜分享意识。bring up“教育，抚养”。

15．He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris.__On__ the contrary, he had a wonderful time.

解析：句意：他好像是在给人一个印象：他在巴黎玩得不快乐。正相反，他玩得很开心。on the contrary“正相反”。

Ⅱ. 完成句子

1．A poor woman dressed __in_rags__(衣衫褴褛) and shaking with cold was struggling on a lonely road, while the merciless rain was beating her without pause.

2．When wandering in the strange city, he met one of his old classmates __by_accident/chance__(偶然)．

3．The businessman put __a_large_amount/sum_of_money__(一大笔钱) in the envelope carelessly.

4．Once you are determined to cut down on smoking, __on_no_account__(绝不) should you give up halfway.

5．__As_for__(关于) the water pollution, the local government has taken action to deal with it and before long you will find the river clean again.

6．不管我们做什么，我们应该顾及到国家的利益。

__Whatever_we_do__， we ought to take into account the interests of the state.

7．与许多人想像的正想反，这位毕业生来这儿不是为了追求名誉与金钱，而是为了追求生命的真正价值。

__Contrary_to__ what many people thought, the graduate came here not to __seek_fame__ or money but the true value of life.

8．确实，为了还清债务，这些年他们日夜不停地工作，这就是他们为什么看起来很苍老的原因了。

Indeed, they worked hard day and night these years in the hope of paying off all their debts, __which_accounted_for__ their aged look.

9．众所周知，吃太多脂肪和含糖食品容易使人变胖。

__It_is_well­known_that__eating too much fat and sugary food makes one put on weight easily.

10．李医生建议我多吃膳食纤维，避免无限制地吃含糖小食品。

__It_is__ Doctor Li __that/who__ advises me to add more fibre to my diet and avoid eating sugary desserts without limits.

Ⅲ. 单句改错

1．They came on the scene，which a traffic accident happened.

__which→where__

2．Weather permits, we will set off for the warehouse for some bargains.

__permits→permitting__

3．Spotting shopping shoulder to shoulder with a girl, I felt very embarrassed.

__spotting→spotted__

4．Born into a family with three brothers, David brought up to value the sense of sharing.

__brought前加was__

5．I won't take chance on a July holiday in Britain—it always rains.

__chance前加a或chance→chances__

6．I often see some beggars in rag when I walk on the street，and I always offer them some food.

__rag→rags__

Ⅳ. 教材原句

1．At this moment, they see a penniless young man__wandering__(wander) on the pavement.

解析：考查“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构。结合语境可知宾语与wander之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。

2．It is Henry Adams, an American businessman，__who/that__is lost in London and does not know what he should do.

解析：考查强调句型，且强调的是“人”，作主语。

3．You must come whenever you want and have__whatever__you like.

解析：考查宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，结合语意可知答案。

4．It's__amazing__(amaze) how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life.

解析：考查词形转换及amazed与amazing的区别。修饰事物，意为“令人吃惊的”，用amazing。

5．I did hear that the Bank of England__had_issued__(issue) two notes in this amount.

解析：考查动词时态。issue发生在“did hear”之前，故用过去完成时态。

6．I'm so sorry, sir, so sorry，__but__I cannot change this bank note.

解析：考查固定句式“I'm sorry, but...”此结构中but不表示转折，而是引出下文，进行解释、说明。

7．Henry is surprised but the owner and the waiter are__shocked__(shock)．

解析：考查词形转换。此处填形容词作表语，且表示主语自己“感到震惊”。

8．I wonder, Mr Adams，__whether/if__you'd mind us asking a few questions.

解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。结合语意可知此处表示“是否”的意思，故填whether/if。

9．The fact is__that__I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand，__which__accounts for my appearance.

解析：第一空考查表语从句，从句中不缺少句子成份，也不缺少语意，故填that；第二空考查非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词指事物，故用which。

Ⅴ. 语篇填空

HENRY: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself ①__carried__(carry) out to sea by a strong wind. It was all my fault. I didn't know whether I could survive until morning. The next morning I'd just about given myself up for lost ②__when__ I was spotted by a ship.

OLIVER: And ③__it__ was the ship that brought you to England.

HENRY: Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working ④__as__ an unpaid hand, which accounts for my ⑤__appearance__(appear)．I went to the American embassy ⑥__to_seek__(seek) help, but...(The brothers smile at each other.)

RODERICK: Well, you mustn't worry about that. It's ⑦__an__ advantage.

HENRY: I'm afraid I don't quite follow you, sir.

RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?

HENRY: I worked for a mining company. Could you offer ⑧__me__ some kind of work here?

RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams.⑨__If__ you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have?

HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have ⑩__none__.

Ⅵ. 话题写作

用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。

1．马克·吐温，成长于美国中部的密苏里州，是19世纪美国最著名的作家之一。

Mark Twain was one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century and__was_brought_up__in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.

2．他的家乡在密西西比河河畔，马克·吐温在那里度过了他的童年。成年后，起初未经父亲同意，他冒险在密西西比河的船上当过一段时间的水手。

His hometown__lay_on__the banks of the Mississippi River, where he spent his childhood.When he grew up，he__took_a_chance__to work as a sailor on a river boat for some time，which__was_not_permitted__by his father at first.

3．在征求了父亲的一些有用的建议后，他决定当一名作家。这一职业帮他赚了很多钱。

After__seeking_some_useful_advice_from__his father，he decided to become a writer，which helped him make an amount of money.

4．他的很多作品被译成多种语言，这就是全世界读者深深喜爱他和他的作品的原因。

Many of his works have been translated into many languages，which__accounted_for__the reason why he and his works__are_deeply_loved_by_readers__throughout the world.

组篇公式：用同位语形式改写句1；用定语从句改写句4。

答案：

Mark Twain，one of the best known American writers in the nineteenth century，was brought up in Missouri in the middle part of the United States.

Mark Twain's hometown lay on the banks of the Mississippi River，where he spent his childhood. When he grew up，he took a chance to work as a sailor on a river boat for some time，which was not permitted by his father at first. After seeking some useful advice from his father, he decided to become a writer, which helped him make an amount of money.

Mark Twain wrote a lot of novels，some of which have been translated into many languages, which accounted for the reason why he and his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.

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