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动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气

1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】 22. The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.

A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】29. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.

A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell

【答案D

【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31. What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.

A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。

4.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】33. They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.

A. will install B. will have been installed

C. are installed D. have been installed

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。

5.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】2. I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.

A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。

6.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】8. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.

A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。

7.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.

A. accomplished B. had accomplished

C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。

8.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】are

【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

9.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

【答案】B

【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。

10.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years.

【答案】are

【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。

11.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.

【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。

12.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.

【答案】recommended

【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。

13.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars

【答案】were invited

【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。

在词汇教学中，知识、技能与智力三者之间的关系其实如我们学开车一样，第一步是学习交通法规，即学习词汇、句型、语法等基础知识；

第二步是上路练车直到熟练驾驶，即通过练习掌握词汇、句型、语法的用法，具备听说读写的基本技能；

第三步是能应对各种天气、路况、车型，最终实现驾驶自如，即有了灵活运用英语知识和技能的智力，从而达到熟练输出语言的目的。具体如下图所示：

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