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八年级上册各单元复习要点,搞定期末考!

更新时间:2020-02-10浏览:评论: 条

Unit 6  I’m going to study computerscience

短语归纳

1.grow up成长;长大                   2.every day每天  

3.be sure about对……有把握     4.make sure确信;务必

5.send…to…把……送到……    6.be able to能    

7.the meaning of……的意思      8.write down写下;记下

9.different kinds of不同种类的   10.hardly ever几乎不;很少

11.have to do with关于;与..有关系         

12.ta take up开始做;学着做         

13.too…to…太……而不能……

14.be going to+动词原形  打算做某事     

15.practice doing练习做某事  

16.keep on doing sth.不断地做某事      

17.learn to do sth.学会做某事      

18.finishdoing sth.做完某事      

19.promise to do sth.许诺去做某事

20.help sb. to dosth.帮助某人做某事   

21.remember to do sth.记住做某事   

22.agree to do sth.同意做某事

23.love to do sth.喜爱做某事          

24.want to do sth.想要做某事

 

语法讲解

 

因为   如:Thank you for helping me.  I had to stop, forI was feeling quite hungry.

支持       如:Are you for or against (反对) theplan?

9. Some resolutions have to do with betterplanning, like making a weekly plan for schoolwork.有些决心是与更好地计划有关,比如为学习做周计划。

 

 

keep a promise :遵守承诺          

break a promise   违背承诺

11. The first resolution is about my own personalimprovement.  第一个决心与自我提高有关。

 

 

owner: 所有者;拥有者 the owner of the house

 on one’s own: 单独;独自 (=alone)

2). improve(v):(使)好转;改善 I expect to improve my English.  

improvement (n) 改进;改善

improve on sth. 对…做出改进:  He improvedon his plan.

12. To question the idea of making resolutions.    对下决心这种想法提出质疑

 

 

Unit 7     Will people have robots?

短语归纳

1.on computer在电脑上   2.on paper在纸上      3.wake up醒来

4.live todo 200 years old活动200岁   5.free time空闲时间    

6.in danger处于危险之中      7.on theearth在地球上    

8.play a part in sth.参与某事      9.in the future在未来   

10space station太空站  11.computer programmer电脑编程员    

12. look for寻找    13.hundredsof许多;成百上千

14thesame…as…与……一样     15.getbored感到厌烦的

16.over andover again多次;反复地    17.fall down倒塌          

18.will+动词原形  将要做……

19.fewer/more+可数名词复数   更少/更多……     

20.less/more+不可数名词  更少/更多……

21.have to do sth.不得不做某事       

22.agree with sb.同意某人的意见

23.such+名词(词组)  如此……     

24.play apart in doing sth. 参与做某事

25.There will be + 主语+其他   将会有……

26.There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有……正在做某事

27.make sb. do sth.      help sb. withsth.帮助某人做某事      

28.try to do sth. 尽力做某事

29.It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth.  对某人来说,做某事……的。

 

语法讲解

1. Books will only be on computers, not onpaper. 书将只在电脑里,而不是在纸上。

2. There will be more pollution.         将会有更多的污染。

1).There will be + n  = There is/aregoing to be + n   将会有…   (不能have与连用)   Thereis going to be a football match this Friday.

2). pollution(u.n): 污染;公害  pollute(v):污染;弄脏  polluted(adj):受污染的

3. Everyone should play a part in saving theearth. 每个人应该参与挽救地球。

5. Today thereare already robots working in factories. 现在已经有机器人在工厂里工作了。

There be sb.doing sth.   有某人正在做…    There is a bird singingin the tree.

6.They agree it may take hundreds of years. 他们同意这可能花费几百年的时间。

It takes + 时间 + (for sb.) todo sth.  某人花费时间区做某事。

It took me half an hour to finish my homework.

agree to do sth.  We agree to meet up later and talk thingsover(认真商量)

同意;应允   

sb. agree onsth.   某人(达成协议的双方)就…达成协议.

Do you agree withme about/on the plan?

hundreds/thousands/millionsof sth.;   

two…hundred/ thousand/million sth.

7. Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in thefuture.

3). believe it ornot. 信不信由你;

I believe so. 我这样认为;

I believe not. 我不这样认为

8. Which side do you agree with?  你同意哪一方的观点?

side: 一方;一边;一面;一侧等 

change sides  改变立场、观点;side by side 肩并肩

from side to side 左右地;put sth to one side  把… 搁在一边

9. These new robots will have many different shapes. 这些新的机器人将会有许多不同的形状。

10. If buildings fall down with people inside, these snake robotscan help look for people

under the building.   如果楼房倒塌而里面还有人,蛇形机器人就能帮助寻找人。

词组:

fall down: 跌倒; (物) 倒塌       fall off :从...上落下;(物)脱落

fall into:掉入;落入    fall over:被...绊倒  He fell overa stone.

fall behind: 落后        fallin love with...: 爱上...

11.I think I’ll take a holiday in Hong Kong whenpossible.

我想如果可能的话我会去香港度假。

take a holiday: 去度假 ; 

when possible = if possible:  如果可能的话

 

一般将来时

1. 含义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.

1). In the future, therewill be less fresh water.

2). They’re going to buy some food right away.

2. 常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:

in the future,tomorrow, 

the day after tomorrow, 

next (month),

at once(立刻;马上),

soon,

right away(立刻;马上),

right now(现在;马上),

sooner or later(迟早),

 later,

in + 一段时间等

3. 结构:   

(1)1) will +动词原形(第一人称用shall)  

(2)be going to +动词原形

(3)否定:  一加二改:  一加(助动词 + not );  二改(some 改为 any )

      1). He will visit you tomorrow. --- He won’t visityou tomorrow.

      2).  ---- Theyaren’t going to buy any food.

(4). 一般疑问:一提二改三升调:把(will / be)提到句首;把some改为any、句号改为问好;

     1). Will hevisit you tomorrow?    ------ Yes, hewill. / No, he won’t.

     2). Are they going to buy any food? ------ Yes ,they are. / No, they aren’t.

4.注意:

1). 在口语中, will常缩写为’ll, will not常缩写为won’t.

2). 在疑问句中,主语为第一人称(I 和we)时,常用助动词shall:

Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow?

3). be going to 也可以表示将要发生的动作或安排,含有“计划,准备”的意思。更强调主观:I’m going to take a trip this weekend;

而will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情:  He will be twenty years old nextmonth.

从不严格的语法角度而言,be going to与 will二者可以.

4). There be 句型的一般将来时结构为:

There is/are going to be + n... ; There will be + n...: 将会有...  (不能与have连用)

5). come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将来:

He is arriving at 8 o’clock tomorrow.

6). 在条件、时间状语从句中,一般是主将从现。

If(如果) it is fine tomorrow,I’m going on a trip.

 

 

Unit8   How do you make a banana milk shake?

短语归纳

milk shake奶昔    

 turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等);打开     

pour…into…把……倒入……

a cup of yogurt一杯酸奶     

a good idea好主意      

on Saturday在星期六      

cut up切碎

put…into…把……放入……    

one more thing还有一件事     

a piece of一片/张/段/首……

at this time在这时          

a few一些;几个      

 fill… with…用……把……装满

cover…with…用……覆盖……    

one by one一个接一个;逐个;依次     

a long time很长时间

how many+可数名词复数   多少……      

how much+不可数名词   多少……

It’s time (for sb.)+to do sth.   到(某人)做某事的时间了

First…Next…Then…Finally  首先……接下来……然后…….最后……

want + to do sth.想要做某事     

forget+to do sth.忘记去做某事    

 how + to do sth.如何做某事

need+to do sth.需要做某事      

make+宾语+形容词  使……怎样   

let sb. +do sth.让某人做某事

 

语法讲解

Need:需要  (v情: ) 用于否定和疑问:  You needn’t tell me. 你没有必要告诉我。Need I go there?  Yes, you must./haveto. No, you needn’t.in need of…: 需要…           at need: 在紧急时

5.  These days, most Americansstill celebrate this idea of giving thanks /by having a big mealat home with their family.现在,大部分的美国人仍然通过和家人在家里共进丰盛的一餐来庆祝这个感恩的节日。

The idea of (doing) sth: 目的;意图 

He is saving money with the idea of buying a car.

6.  At this time, people also rememberthe first travelers fromEngland/who came to live inAmericaabout 400 years ago. 这一天,人们仍然想起大约400年前来美国居住的第一批流浪者。

7.  Next,fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接下来,把这个面包混合物填充到火鸡里。

 

可数名词与不可数名词

一.初中常见的不可数名词有:

wood  ice  ice cream wool  metal  glass hair  dust  air water  milk  wine beer bread  sugar rice  meat  cheese weather  sunshine  experience traffic  homework advice  housework information  peace  trouble anger  food  fish grass  tea    drink coffee  fruit  snow education  knowledge  time music  coke  paper orange  chicken  hair exercise  friendship  pollution work  room  news salad  popcorn  corn salt pepper  gravy   honey soup   porridge  sunshine light  money  rain wind  Chinese Japanese  English beef  pork  oil juice

二.1.既可修饰可数名词也可修饰:all, some, most, a lot of, lots of, plenty of …

2.修饰可数名词的词有:数词(one...), few, a few, many, a number of, numbers of...

3. 修饰不可数名词的词有:little, a little, a bit of, much, a great deal of, alarge amount of

4. 不可数名词通常用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”表示复数:three pieces of paper

 

祈使句

一.定义:祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。

 

二.结构:

1.  肯定的祈使句:动词原形+其他   Stand up, please.     Be careful!

2.否定的祈使句: 

1). Don't + 动词原形        Don’t laugh at others.

2). Never do sth.         Never dothat again!

3). No + v-ing/n.         No smoking!    No noise, please.

4). Let’s not do sth.       Let’snot waste time.

5). Don’t let sb. do sth.    Don’t let them make any noise.

 

 

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?

短语归纳

on Saturdayafternoon在周六下午      

prepare for为……做准备      

go to the doctor去看医生

have the flu患感冒           

help my parents帮助我的父母      

come to the party来参加聚会

another time其他时间         

last fall去年秋天             

go to the party去聚会

hang out常去某处;泡在某处    

the day after tomorrow后天     

the day before yesterday前天

have a pianolesson上钢琴课     

look after照看;照顾       

accept an invitaton接受邀请

turn down aninvitation拒绝邀请   

take a trip去旅行        

at the end of this month这个月末

look forward to盼望;期待      

the opening of… ……的开幕式/落成典礼    

reply in writing书面回复

go to the concert去听音乐会     

not…until直到……才

meet my friend会见我的朋友    

visit grandparents拜访祖父母    

study for a test为考试学习

have to不得不        

too much homework太多作业     

do homework做家庭作业

go to the movies去看电影     

after school放学后    

on the weekend在周末

invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事

what引导的感叹句结构:What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!

What+adj.+名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!

help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事

be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤

see sb. do sth.    see sb.doingsth.

the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式

have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜派对

look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事

reply to sth./sb.答复某事/某人

What’s today?今天是什么日子?  

 What’s the date today?    What day is it today?

 

语法讲解

 

1、prepare意为“准备”,强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。  prepare for sth. 为…准备好。for的宾语不是动作的承受者,而是表示准备的目的,即所要应付的情况。  /  prepare to dosth  准备做某事。

prepare 强调准备的动作与过程。宾语是这一动作的承受者。其后也可接双宾语,还可接不定式。

 

get/be ready意为“准备好”,强调准备的结果。常见结构有:①beready(for sth.)②getsth. ready ③be ready(for sth)④be get ready to do(准备干某事,乐于干某事)

We _____ the mid-term examination.  Miss Li said, “Everyone should ______beforeclass.

 

2. have the flu 患感冒, have a cold 感冒 ,have a cough 咳嗽, have a fever 发烧 , have a sore throat 喉咙痛, have a headache 头痛 ,have a toothache 牙痛,

 

3. hang out 常去某处,泡在某处, hang on 紧紧抓住, hang about 闲荡, hang up  挂电话,悬挂,挂起

 

4. catch you =see you = bye bye ,catch a cold感冒 , catch sb’s eye引起某人注意, catch the train 赶上火车

catch up with =keep up with 赶上,跟上 ,catch hold of=take hold of 抓住

 

5.accept 接受 , 反义词为:refuse。  accept指主观上愿意接受,receive 收到,指客观上收到或拿到,但主观上不一定会接受。I received his gift yesterday, but I wouldn’tlike to accept it.

(1) turn down = refuse 拒绝   turn up 放大调高    turn over 翻身   take turns 依次,轮流

(2) help sb.(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事  helpsb. with sth  在某方面帮助人  help oneself to sth  随便吃

(3)at the end of  在…末尾,在…尽头,  bythe end of   到…末为止    in the end of  终于

 

6.surprised 形容词,感到意外的,主语是人be surprised to do sth  对做某事感到意外

surprising 形容词,令人惊讶的,主语是物  Thenews was surpring.surprise 名词,惊奇、惊讶 to one’s surprise使某人吃惊,动词,使惊奇,使感到意外 It surprise sb to do sth.

 

7. look forward to  期待,盼望,to 是介词,后跟名词,代词或动名词作宾语。

 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 = receive a letter from sb.   

 hear of = hear about 听说

 

8.make it 在约定的时间内到达,能够来 = arrive in time;   Glad you couldmake it.

商量确定的时间,表示将来某项计划的安排,后接时间状语。Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday.

成功办成某事 = succeed  After yearsof hard work, he finally made it.

 

9.reply 回答,指用口头或书面形式回答,不及物动词  reply to sb/sth.  对…..作出回答。

作及物动词,意为回答,回答说。作名词,意为:答道,回信,答复,后跟介词 to .

answer 是最普通的用语,包括口头,书面或行动的回答,可作及物和不及物动词。

 

 

Unit 10 If you go to the party,you will have a great time

短语归纳

stay at home待在家里  

take the bus乘公共汽车  

tomorrow night明天晚上

have a class party进行班级聚会  

half the class一半的同学   

make some food做些食物  

order food订购食物   

have a class meeting开班会    

at the party在聚会上    

potatochips炸土豆片,炸薯条    

in the end最后   

make mistakes犯错误

go to the party去参加聚会   

have a great/good 玩得开心    

give sb. some advice给某人提一些建议

go to college上大学  

make(a lot of)money赚(许多)钱  

travel aroundthe world环游世界

work hard努力工作  

a soccer player一名足球运动员   

keep…to oneself保守秘密

talk with sb.与某人交谈    

in life 在生活中   

be angry at/about sth.因某事生气  

be angry with sb.生某人的气     

in the future在将来       

run away逃避;逃跑    

the first step第一步        

in half分成两半   

solve a problem解决问题  

school clean-up学校大扫除     

ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事     

give sb. sth.给某人某物

tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事     

too…to do sth.太……而不能做某事

be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事      

advise sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事

It’s best (not) to do sth.最好(不)做某事     

need to do sth.需要做某事

 

语法讲解

由 if 引导的条件状语从句 (主将从现)
if 用做连词时,可以表示“如果;假如”,用来引导一个条件状语从句。如: 
I will go if he asks me.
If you eat bad food, you may be ill.
 注意:在主句和条件状语从句中的动词都表示将来的动作时,主句中常用一般将来时,含有情态动词的句子或祈使句,也可以是谓语含有want, hope, wish等动词的句子,但从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。如:
 We will come to see you if we have time.
You won’t be able to pass the exam if you don’t work hard. 
 I  hope to visit her if  I  am free.

 1、 I  think  I  am going to the party  with  Karen and Ann.
分析:
 be going to do sth.  将要、打算做某事。如:
I am going to do some shopping  with  my mother.
辨析:be going to and will.
 be going to and will  两者都可以表示将来,其区别如下:
be going to 常用于事先经过的打算、计划或意图,也可用于根据某种迹象将要发生的动作。如:
 Why  are you taking down all the pictures?
 I  am going to repaint the wall.
    L ook at the dark clouds in the sky.  I t ’ s going to rain.
 will  常用于不受人的主观意愿影响的单纯将来,也可用于条件状语从句中,还可以表趋向或习惯的动作。如:
 Tomorrow  will be Teacher ’ s Day.
 I f it doesn ’ t rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.
 W e will die without air or water.
2、Half of class won ’ t come.
分析:
  ①   half, adj and n. 一半(的)。h alf 常用于名词或修饰名词的冠词前面,即half a/an/the/one ’ s +n. 还可以用于a half +n. 这中结构。如:
 P lease cut the cake into halves.
 T he little boy drank half a bottle of water.== the little boy drank a half bottle of water.
 H alf of the children are from  Chinese .
注意:half 短语作主语时,谓语动词与half后的名词保持一致

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