also 肯定句句中，放在行为动词之前，be动词、系动词以及助动词之后
（4）n.最后=at last=in the end=finally
(1)family 家，家庭，做主语，谓语动词用单数
What/How about doing sth.
You’d better (not) do sth.
Would you like to do sth.
Would you mind doing sth.
Thank sb. for =Thanks for
with one’s help= with the help of sth.
v. 扮演 play a/an ……role /part in
sound系动词，“听起来”+形容词/like +n.
实义动词，need n./to do sth./doing=to be done
have no need to do=There is no need for sb. to do sth.
buy (v.) buy sth. from sth.= buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.
sell (v.) sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb.
sale(n.) on sale 出售，上市，廉价
talk “交谈，谈话”talk to /with/about/back/over
be good to 对……好=be kind to
be good with 善于应付……，对……有办法
dress sb. in sth. 给某人穿……衣服
walk/ride/fly/drive to +地点
stop…… （from）doing=keep/prevent …… from
be afraid of (doing) sth.
look 看，看起来 （强调动作） look at
too much (1)后跟不可数名词（2）修饰动词（3）名词短语
(2)实义动词 Keep sb./sth. doing
keep ……from doing sth. 阻止……做某事
would like sb. to do sth.
秩序，顺序 in order / out of order井然有序/出故障
命令 order sb.(not) to do sth.
hear sb. do sth.( be heard to do sth.)
v. surprise sb./make sb. surprised
（2）such+a/an +adj 单数可数名词+that
such+adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+that
seem +名词/形容词“似乎是……，好像是……”
v. decide(not) to do sth.
decide on /upon doing sth.
n. decision make a decision
make one’s own decision(s)
hardly adv. “几乎不”，位于实义动词之前
n. 头脑，心智 change one’s mind
make up one’s mind to do sth.
come to one’s mind 某人突然想起
v. 介意 mind(not) doing sth.
win “获胜，赢得”，及物动词，厚街比赛、战争、奖品或荣誉
take (good) care of =look after…… （well）(好好） 照顾/照料
be similar to (性质、属性、特点、方式、方法）类似
take after 在（相貌、体格、性情等方面）像（父母等），与……相像，多指遗传
sb. happen(s) to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
take place 事先计划或预先布置发生，无被动。
be sure to do sth. 务必/一定做某事
make sure of /to do/ that 确保
keep /break one’s promise
v. 许诺 promise（not）to do sth.
promise sb. sth.= promise sth.
take up 学着做，开始做；占用（时间、空间）
fill (v.) “使充满，装满”fill ……with=be filled with
full (adj.) “充满的” be full of
cover v. 遮盖，覆盖 cover with =be covered with/by
prepare sth. for sb.=prepare sb. sth.
be prepared for = be ready for
连词，“直到……为止”谓语动词必须用延续性动词，主将从现
not……until “直到……才……”谓语动词为非延续性动词
look forward to （doing）sth. 盼望
What’s the matter with sb.?
What’s the trouble with sb.?
What’s the problem with sb.?
be/get/become used to doing 习惯于做某事
be used to do= be used for doing sth.被用来
run 跑；管理，经营，使用（车辆）；（使）运转，操作；刊登，
run out 用完，耗尽，不能跟宾语，无被动，主语为物，
die v. 死亡 die of/from/down
raise (v.) 举起，增加，提高，筹集，抚养
adj. neither+名词单数，做主语时，谓语动词用单数
pron. neither of+名词/代词复数，做主语时，谓语动词用单数
adv. neither/nor+情态动词/助动词/be动词+另一个主语，“……也不”
so+情态动词/助动词/be动词+另一个主语，“……也是”conj. neither……nor……“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列主语，谓语动词用就近原则
borrow“借用”，非延续性动词，borrow ……sth.(from sb./somewhere)
lend “借出”，非延续性动词，lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.
return “归还”，return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb.
provide “提供”provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with sth.
offer “主动提出，自愿给予” offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.
allow sb. to do sth.=be allowed to do sth.
compare ……with 把……和……比较（compared with 和……相比，通常放于句首）
remind sb. of = make sb. think of 使某人想起……
remind sb. (not) to do sth.提醒某人（不要）做某事
instead adv.“代替，相反，却”，修饰整个句子，谓语句首或句末，后不接其他词，表示前面的事未做而做了后面的事
instead of 介词短语 “代替，而不是”在句中位置灵活，后面可跟名词、代词或动名词，表示没有做后面的事
marry sb. =be/get married to sb.与某人结婚
marry sb.to sb. 把某人嫁给某人/让某人娶某人
population 集合名词，指人口总数，“人口，人口数量”（large/big/small）
分数/百分数+of+the population 作主语，谓语动词用复数
What /How large is the population of ……？
某地+has a population of+数词/ The population of+某地+is+数词“某地有多少人口”
including prep.后接名词、代词、动名词，常位于句中或句末，前多有逗号
succeed v. 成功 succeed in doing sth.
achieve “（通过努力）实现，取得达到”，主语一般是人，achieve one’s dream/success
come true “实现”（主语为物），make ……come true
encourage v. 鼓励（encouragement n.）
“认为，看待” regard……as……=see/treat/consider …… as把……看作
思考，考虑 consider（doing）sth./consider +疑问词+to do sth.
consider sb./sth. (to be)
suggest v. (suggestion n. 可数)
suggest (sb./one’s) doing sth.
advise V. (advice n. 不可数）
advise sb. (not) to do sth.
cost (v. 花费。 n. 成本，花费） sth cost(s) sb.+ money
It costs sb. some money to do sth.
spend(v.) sb. spend(s) +time/money on sth.
sb. spend(s) +time/ money(in) doing sth.
pay (v.) sb. pay(s) +money for sth.
take (v.) It take(s) +time+to do sth.
join 加入某个党派、组织、社团、俱乐部等，并成为其中一员
take part in 多指参加群众性的活动，并发挥积极作用
suppose sb./sth to be 认为某人、某物是……
be (not)supposed to do sth.
adj. 有耐心的 be patient with……/be patient to do sth.
patience(n.) patiently(adv.) impatient (adj.)
look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅，抬头看
lay v. 放置（lay out）;下蛋，产卵（lay -laid-laid-laying）
lie v. 平躺，位于(lie-lay-lain-lying)；说谎(lie-lied-lied-lying)；
warn sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人注意某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事
warn sb.against doing sth.告诫某人不要做某事
v. 结束，终止 end up like 最终落得像……一样的下场
end up doing sth. 以做某事而告终
polite（adj.）politely (adv.) impolite (adj.)
It’s polite (of sb.) to do sth.（某人）做某事是有礼貌的
deal with 处理，应付。强调处理的方式、方法，常与how连用
do with 处理，安置。强调处理的对象，常与what 连用
proud （adj.） 自豪的，骄傲的 be proud of/ to do sth.
pride (n.) 自豪，骄傲 take pride in
be made from 由……制作（看不出原料）
be made up of 由……组成（强调由部分组成整体）
be known/famous to “为……所知”
pleasure n. “愉快” with pleasure乐意效劳/my pleasure不客气
pleased adj. “高兴的”（人） be pleased with/to do sth.
3.not only……but（ also ）……不但……而且……“就近原则”
neither……nor 既不……也不……“就近原则”
either……or 或者……或者；要么……要么“就近原则”
get in the way of doing sth. 挡……路；妨碍
go out of one’s way to do sth.特地，费心去做
make one’s way to 前往，费力前进
on the/one’s way to 在去……的路上
in this / the same way用这种/同样的方法
the way to do sth.=the way of doing sth.做某事的方法
asleep (adj.)睡着的 fall asleep睡着
prevent sb. (from) doing sth.=stop sb. (from) doing sth.=keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
prefer(preferred,preferred)
prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A胜过做B
prefer to do sth. 宁愿/更喜欢做某事
prefer to do A rather than do B= would rather do A than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B
look forward to doing sth.期盼
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于
pay attention to doing sth.专注于
expect for “除……之外”，整体与部分的关系
would rather (not)do sth.宁愿（不）做某事
would rather do sth. than do sth.=would do sth. rather than do sth.
=prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
make sb./sth +adj. 使某人/某物……
make sb. do sth.=be made to do sth. 使某人做某事
make it +adj.+to do sth. 使做某事……
make sb./sth. done 使某人/某事被……
主句用过去完成时，by the time+一般过去时
It’s+adj. for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说做某事很……”（adj.修饰做某事怎么样）
It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事真是太……”（adj.描述人的性格）
agree（v.）agreement( n.) disagree (v.)
agree with sb./one’s words 同意某人的观点、看法
separate v.分开，分离，隔开 separate ……from 把……与……分隔开
divide v. 分开，分散 （把整体分成若干） divide……into把……划分成……
