2019年全国卷I阅读理解D篇重点单词、语块

1． rosy [ˈrəʊzi] adj. 美好的

2． elementary [ˌelɪˈmentri] adj. 初级的；基础的

3． openness [ˈəʊpənnəs] n. 诚实；率真；坦率

4． carry over 继续存在，保持下去

5． analyze [ˈænəlaɪz] vt. 分析

6． conclusion [kənˈklu:ʒn] n. 结论

7． come to another conclusion 得出另一个结论

8． be related to positive life outcomes 与积极的生活结果有关

9． be responsible for 作为……的原因；成为……的起因

10． create opportunities for 创造……的机会

11． gain an advantage 获得优势

12． during the rosy years of elementary school 在美好的小学时光

13． doll [dɒl] n. 玩偶；玩具娃娃

14． status [ˈsteɪtəs] n. 地位；身份

15． tween [twi:n] n. 10至12岁之间的少年

16． teen [[ti:n] n. 13岁到19岁的青少年

17． mean girls 刻薄的女孩

18． rank [ræŋk] n. 地位，级别

19． smoke cigarettes 抽烟

20． break rules 违反制度

21． play jokes on sb. 捉弄某人

22． popularity [ˌpɒpjuˈlærəti] n. 受欢迎

23． a well-explored subject 一个被人们广泛研究的课题

24． clinical [ˈklɪnɪkl] adj. 临床的

25． a professor of clinical psychology 临床心理学教授

26． category [ˈkætəgəri] n. 类别，种类

27． sort the popular into two categories 将受欢迎的人分为两类

28． lik(e)able [ˈlaɪkəbl] adj. 讨人喜欢的

29． seeker [ˈsi:kə(r)] n. 寻找者；追求者

30． quality [ˈkwɒləti] n. 品质

31． strengthen [ˈstreŋθn] vt. 加强；增强；巩固

32． schoolyard [ˈsku:ljɑ:d] n. 校园

33． jump-start [ˈdʒʌmpstɑːrt] vt. 推动；刺激

34． interpersonal [ˌɪntəˈpɜ:sənl] adj. 人际关系的

35． jump-start interpersonal skills 提高人际交往技巧

36． tap [tæp] vt. 开发，发掘

37． employ [ɪmˈplɔɪ] vt. 应用；运用；使用

38． adolescence [ˌædəˈlesns] n. 青春期；青春

39． power [ˈpaʊə(r)] n. 权力

40． dishonorable [dɪs'ɒnərəbl] adj. 可耻的

41． enviable [ˈenviəbl] adj. 令人羡慕的

42． consequence [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] n. 结果

43． engage in 从事，参加

44． adolescent [ˌædəˈlesnt] n. 青少年

45． survey [ˈsɜ:veɪ] n. 调查研究

46． aggressive [əˈgresɪv] adj. 好斗的；挑衅的

47． over time 随着时间的推移

48． likability [ˌlaɪkə'bɪlətɪ] n. 讨人喜欢

49． adjustment [əˈdʒʌstmənt] n. 调整；适应

50． have the opposite effect on 对……有相反的影响

课后练习（一）

During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.

Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.

Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are ＂most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.＂

In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."

Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.

In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ＂ he said.

1. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?

A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.

2.What is the second paragraph mainly about？

A. The classification of the popular.

B. The characteristics of adolescents.

C. The importance of interpersonal skills.

D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.

3. What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?

A. They appeared to be aggressive.

B. They tended to be more adaptable.

C. They enjoyed the highest status.

D. They performed well academically.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A. Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last

B. The Higher the Status, the Better

C. Be the Best—You Can Make It

D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness

参考答案：CABA

课后练习（二）

I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.

Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire, poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.

Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.

To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.

1.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?

A.He has written dozens of plays.B.He has a deep love for the theater.

C.He is a professional stage actor.D.He likes reading short plays to others.

2.What does the author avoid doing in his work?

A.Stating the plays' central ideas.B.Selecting works by famous playwrights.

C.Including various types of plays.D.Offering information on the playwrights.

3.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?

A.Control their feelings.B.Apply their acting skills.

C.Use their imagination.D.Keep their audience in mind.

4.What is this text?

A.A short story.B.An introduction to a book.

C.A play review.D.An advertisement for a theater.

参考答案：BACB

 

 

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