"十选九"解题思路

 

I. "十选九"选词填空题型特征

1、选词填空的特点

1) 文章不会太长(300词左右)；一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔15－30个词会有一个空。文章中会挖出九个空，但是给出了十个单词，让学生选择填空使文章完整 。

2) 备选词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读理解难度。实际是将词汇的使用和完形阅读紧密结合的一道题目。

 

2、选词填空的考点

1) 词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动词、形容词、副词。

2) 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。

3) 逻辑方面考察上下文联系

 

II. "十选九"选词填空解题步骤

 

第一步：详读选项，词分类

选项中的10个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这10个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。这样做考生就可以不再是10选1了，只要根据上下文的逻辑关系或者语法结构，有时候可以是3选1甚至2选1，缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。

注意：

1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去分词), 无法确定时标问号。

2. 不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。

3. 做出相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的visit、access、approach、challenge、change等就即有名词词性又有动词词性。 这时两个都要标出来。

5．以-ing或-ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。

例如：sleeping "She is sleeping。"中就是动词。而在"sleeping beauty"中就是形容词。建议同学们在供选择的词旁将两种词性都标注上，答题时以动词为首选进行判断。

 

第二步：略读全文，定中心

考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的问题。文章大概在220词--250词左右，用1分钟左右的时间略读即可。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。

 

第三步：瞻前顾后，灵活选

词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。

 

第四步：复核检查，定结果

篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。

 

III. "十选九"选词填空解题技巧

 

（一）判断词性的技巧

前面提到的"瞻前顾后"就是需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项，我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案。应该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础。

1. 确定空格为名词

(1) a /an/the n. , adj. n. , vt. n. , 即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词；

(2) n. v., 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；

(3) prep. n., 即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。

2. 确定空格为动词

(1) n./pron. vt. n./pron., 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词；

(2) n./pron. vi. , 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；

(3) n./pron. vi. adv./prep., 即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；

(4) n./pron. link v./be. adj., 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；

(5) to v. , 即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。

3. 确定空格为形容词

(1) adj. n. 或n. adj. , 即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；

(2)adv. adj. , 即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词；

(3) link/be v. adj., 即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。

4. 确定空格为副词

(1) adv. v. 或v. adv. , 即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词；

(2) adv. adj., 即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。

 

（二）利用逻辑关系词确定答案

在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来推断出一些答案。

常见的逻辑关系词如下：

(1) 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等

(2) 对比关系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等

(3) 比较关系：as…as , like , similar 等

(4) 因果关系：because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等

(5) 举例关系：for example , for instance , such as ， and so on 等

(6) 递进关系：and , what's more , moreover , in addition 等

（三）比较填词

将词性分类后，如何确定哪个选项是正确答案呢？这就需要考生进行选项间的比较，比较同词性的词汇哪一个是最佳答案。

逻辑判断：即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构，确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳答案

词义判断：即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思，由此判断是不是最合适的选项

 

注意：提示考生，填入一个词就划掉一个，为下面的选词缩小范围。

 

实战演练

Passage 1

Solar energy for your home is coming. It can help you as a single home owner. It can help the whole country as well. Whether or not solar energy can save your money depends on many factors. Where you live is one 1 . The type of home you have is another. Things like insulation (绝缘) present energy coats, and the type of system you buy are added factors.

Using solar energy can help save our 2 fuel. As you know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough on hand to meet all our future energy needs. And when Mother Nature says that's all, the only way we can delay hearing those words is by starting to save energy now and by using other sources, like the sun.

We won't have to worry about the sun running 3 of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides providing an endless source of energy, the use of the sun has other 4 as well. The sun doesn't 5 as many problems as other energy sources. For example, fossil fuel plants add to already high pollution level. With solar energy, we will still need other sources of energy, but we won' t need as much. That 6 we can cut down on our pollution problems.

With all these advantages, why don't we use more solar power? There are many reasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not 7 for a family to put a solar unit. There were other cheaper sources of energy, although the prices of gas, oil and electricity continues to rise. The demand for electricity is increasing 8 , and new power plants still use more gas, oil or coal. Already in some places the supply of electricity is being rationed. Solar energy is still in its infancy. It is expected to 9 grow to become a major part of our nations energy supply.

 

Passage 2

 

Once they are more than a month old, babies seem to learn readily. Moreover, solving a problem or discovering the relationship between their own actions and an event in the external ( 外部的 )world seems to have its own 1 for infants.

The pleasures involved in such an experience seemed 2 in one study of two-t0 four-month-old infants who Were given a chance to control a yellow-and-green mobile. One of these mobiles was hung above each infant, who lay in a small bed with a ribbon (丝带) 3 to one ankle. The other end of the ribbon was fastened to the hook from which the mobile was 4 As the infants moved about, waving their arms and kicking their legs, they learned to connect the 5 of one leg with the mobile, which was moving quickly up and down. As they smiled and gurgled (咯咯笑)at the moving mobile, the infants began to kick the leg attached to the mobile 6 and precisely- and only that leg. Apparently, they enjoyed controlling the mobiles, for they would continue for as long as forty-five minutes.

Nor is this pleasure in mastery 7 to infants. In an experiment with fifth and sixth graders, the children were asked to solve some word puzzles that 8 in difficulty. The youngsters smiled more, and reported far more pleasure, when they solved a difficult puzzle than any easy one. The implication is that human beings of any age -- from infancy to old age -- get pleasure from intellectual 9 .

 

Passage3

 

Almost everyone who has heard of London has heard of the term "Cockney" (轮敦佬). The term is generally 1 for the Londoners with a "Cockney accent".

The Cockney accent is not a particularly pleasant or tuneful one, and the Cockney's distortion (歪曲)of the English language is such that the foreigner often finds it impossible to understand the speaker until his ear has become accustomed to the 2 tones. However, if Cockney speech is unpleasant, the Cockney himself is usually far from being so. The average Cockney is 3 by his quick wit, his ready sense of humor, his ability to "carry on" under unusual or difficult conditions and by his willingness to be of help if he can. The Cockney's humor is often satirical（挖苦的) , but it never 4 ill intentions; he is very ready to laugh at other people's peculiarities but he is 5 ready to laugh at his own. He often makes jokes under the most difficult conditions, a quality that was very 6 during World War II. This rather sorrowful type of humor is well exemplified(举例说明) by the title of an old Cockney musical song Isn't It Great To Be Bloody Dead.

Nowadays, as the pace of life in big cities grows even faster, the opportunities for the Cockney to 7 his wit and humor decrease. But if one keeps one's ears 8 on buses, in railway stations, in street markets and similar places, it will soon become evident that the spirit of Cockney humor is still very much 9 , although the old Cockney pronunciation is less common than before.

Most people who call themselves Cockneys usually do so with some pride. And, by and large, they are justified.

 

Passage 4

 

Although the women's rights movement in the United States is thought of as a recent development, its beginnings 1 back almost one hundred and fifty years. At that time women were 2 in the eyes of the law, and they were deprived of the rights and privileges of adults. A woman had no property rights, even over what she had 3 or over any wages that she earned. Decisions about family 4 and about the children were made by her husband, the "head of the family."

The first public 5 against the low position of women were made in the 1830s. In 1848 the leaders of this movement 6 the first Women's Rights Convention, demanding equality. In this struggle as well as in the long, hard fight for women's vote, the participants were laughed at and 7 They were regarded as immoral, and their ideas were considered dangerous to society.

Nevertheless, by 1900 women had won the right to vote in several states: and in 1920 they were 8 the vote throughout the United States. By that time many women were attending college, and increasing numbers were entering professions which had previously been open only to men. A limited number of women even held high academic and government positions. In spite of all this progress," 9 women" were largely restricted to teaching, nursing, and office work..

Passage5

 

Some car crashes are not accidents, but carjackings (截车). Such crimes 1 occur in parking lots, at red lights and stop signs, and sometimes even while a motorist is driving. The 2 is usually dark, with no one around.

When your car is hit, usually you would get out, 3 the damage and exchange information. But you must 4 this automatic habit late at night or when you're in what seems to be an unsafe area.

If you feel you are in danger, drive to an open business and notify the police. Motor vehicle laws generally 5 leaving the scene of an accident, but if you truly feel you are in danger, it may be better to face that problem than to risk your life.

If you don't feel immediately threatened, a(n) 6 is to keep the doors locked, windows rolled up, motor 7 and wait for the other driver to approach. But keep an eye on your rearview mirror, if a second person appears, watch out and get ready to 8 on the gas. ff it's only the driver, tell him through closed windows that you're nervous and want him to follow you to a safe location to exchange information. Most people will understand you. If the driver protests, drive away and call the police Moreover, give only your insurance information, driver's license and license plate number. Unless it is 9 by law in your state, do not give the telephone number or address of where you live or work.

 

Passage 6

 

"I have never met a human worth cloning," says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Taxes A & M University. "It's a stupid attempt." That's an interesting 1 of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have clone two cows and expect to clone a cat soon. They just might succeed in cloning Missy this spring -- or perhaps not for another 5 years. It seems the reproductive system of man's best friend is one of the 2 of modem science.

Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him 3 by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, .using hundreds upon hundreds of dogs' Westhusin eggs, the A & M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos (胚胎)carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the 4 to a surrogate (代孕的) mother. "Cloning is inefficient, and also dangerous," he says.

Even so, dog cloning is a(n) 5 opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1977, Westhusin's phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of making an exact copy of their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. "A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right," says Westhusin. Cost is no 6 for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner, he's put up $ 3.7 million so far to fund A & M's research.

Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her 7 . In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A & M team say' they are "both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones 8 from Missy.

Besides cloning a great dog, the project may lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many 9 animals.

 

Keys:

1. EJGCB IHDA

2 . HGCBA DEFJ

3. FBGAE CIJD

4. FGECB ADJH

5. J FG BA C E ID

6. C HBGA D E I J

 

 

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