教育界杂志社官网 咨询电话:15198177376  投稿邮箱:jyjzzs@126.com 

初中英语7-9年级上册英语时文阅读+语法知识点梳理+新教材七上资源包

更新时间:2024-08-29浏览:评论: 条

 

 

2024年人教版新教材七年级英语上册知识讲解汇总

 

 

 

 

 

 

我们准备了各单元知识讲解电子版,如有需要请查看底部的领取方式
点击下方单元标题即可查看

Starter Unit 1 Hello!

Starter Unit 2 Keep Tidy!

Starter Unit 3 Welcome!  

Unit 1 You and Me

Unit 2 We're Family!

Unit 3 My School

Unit 4 My Favourite Subject

 

 

 

领取步骤
步骤一:在文末给这篇文章点亮“赞”“分享”“在看”图标
步骤二:扫描下方二维码,关注公众号

 

 

【注意】:在使用复合不定代词时,要注意以下几点:1.带 some 的复合不定代词通常用于肯定句中,而带 any 的复合不定代词通常用于否定句或疑问句中。如:●I can’t see anything on the table. 我在桌子上什么也看不到。●— Is there anyone in the classroom? 教室里有人吗?— Yes. There is someone. 是的,有人。
2.在表示请求、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中,也用带 some 的复合不定代词。如:●Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗?●Why not ask someone to go with you? 为什么不叫人和你一起去呢?
3.形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在复合不定代词的后面。如:There's nothing serious. 没什么要紧的。4.复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。如:Someone is waiting for you .有人正在等你。
【记忆口诀】:复合代词美名扬,修饰成分后边藏;如果它来作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
第二单元我们要学习的重点语法是频度副词。频度副词是副词家族的一个分支,用来表示动作发生的频率。常见的频度副词有:【例句展示】:1. She is always glad to help others. 她总是乐于助人。2. My mother usually gets up at six. 我妈妈通常 6 点起床。3. He often goes to the library. 他经常去图书馆。4. Sometimes she plays tennis after school. 她有时放学后打网球。5. I hardly know him. 我几乎不认识他。6. I never go out at night. 我从不晚上出门。
【用法归纳】:通过观察以上例句,我们可以发现:1. 频度副词是一般现在时的“标志词”,表示经常性的动作或情况。2. 频度副词通常置于系动词、助动词或情态动词之后,实义动词之前。(sometimes 可放在句首,表示强调,也可置于句尾。)3. 频度副词按照发生的频率大小可排列为: always > usually > often > sometimes > hardly > never。
【注意】:对表示频度的词(组)(如:once a week, every day 等)进行提问时,通常用 how often, 意为“多久一次”。如:Miss Gao dances twice a week. (对划线部分提问) → How often does Miss Gao dance?

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister
本单元语法重点:形容词和副词的比较级。形容词和副词的原形就是原级;比较级,表示较……或更……;最高级, 表示最...…单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化:
部分单词比较级和最高级的不规则变化:
*由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词,都是在该词前加-more/most.quickly—more quickly—(the) most quicklydifficultly—more difficultly—(the) most difficultly
【记忆口诀】:两者之间做比较,尾巴 er 少不了一般词尾加 er,有 e 词尾只加 r单一辅音单音节,双写词尾加 er辅音加 y 很重要,去 y 变 i 加 er双多音节字太长,前加 more 比它强遇到双多最高级, most 放前最成立
【比较的形式】:形容词和副词的比较级用于两者之间的比较,有如下几种形式:1. 表示同级比较把两个人或物比较时,如果只说明两者相同,则可使用 as ... as 句型,表示“和……一样……”。其否定句型为 not as / so... as,表示“……不如……”。这两个句型中要使用形容词或副词的原形。例如: I am as tall as my sister. 我和我的妹妹一样高。 She is not as popular as her friend. 她没有她的朋友受欢迎。2. 表示不同程度的比较如果想表达两者之间的差异,结构为“A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B”或“A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than + B”, 表示“A 比 B 更……”。例如:Mark is more outgoing than Tony. 马克比托尼更外向。She is friendlier than other friends. 她比其他朋友更友好。I did worse in the exam than Sally. 我考试成绩没 Sally 的优秀。Please sing more loudly in the show. 请在表演中唱得更大声一点。3. 比较级的特殊用法(1)“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”(2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是:”越…越…”The more, the better.(3)“主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “,意为”主语是两者中较......的”4. 表示两者在某一方面相同时,用“A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.” 例如:
Helen is as tall as Amy. 海伦和艾米一样高。表示两者中一方在某一方面不及另一方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”。例如:I am not as tall as my sister. 我没我妹妹高。5. 形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit等来修饰形容词比较级。
【注意】:形容词和副词的比较级前面可以用 much, a littl, even, a bit, any 等词或词组修饰,表示不同程度;比较级不能用very, so, too, quite 等修饰。例如:Mr Smith is a little nicer to us than before. 史密斯先生对我们比以前更友善了一点。
Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?
本单元语法重点:形容词和副词的最高级。当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时,就需要使用形容词、副词的最高级,来表达最高、最远、最快等意义。1. in 或 of 在句子中表示比较范围时,最高级就大显身手。in 表示“在……内”,意为在某范围内,不一定是同类;of 表示“属性”。例如:Sam is the tallest boy in our class. 萨姆是我们班最高的男孩。The girl is the most hard-working of all the students. 这个女孩是学生中最勤奋的。
2. 序数词后跟形容词最高级。例如:This park is the second biggest in our city. 这座公园是我们城市第二大公园。
3.“ one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 ”的结构表示“(在众多当中)最……之一 ”。例如:This tower is one of the oldest towers in our town. 这座塔是我们镇上最古老的塔之一。
4. 最高级的意思往往可以用比较级的形式表达出来。“比较级 +than any other + 单 数名词”可以表达最高级的含义。例如:Mary sings more beautifully than any other student in our class. = Mary sings the most beautifully in our class. 玛丽是我们班唱歌最好听的学生。
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
本单元语法重点:动词不定式。动词不定式的基本形式是 to do,其否定式是 not to do。不定式可以充当多种句子成分,如主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等。本单元的学习重点是动词不定式作宾语。
1. 不定式作宾语有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语,如 want, hope, expect, wish, plan, learn, decide, choose, would like 等。例如:I hope to be a dancer in the future. 我希望未来可以成为一名舞蹈演员。Mary plans to watch the talk show with her parents tonight. Mary 打算今晚和她的父母一起看脱口秀节目。
常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词记忆口诀:三个希望两答应:hope/wish/expect;agree/promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand/ask;refuse设法学会做决定:manage;learn;decide不要假装在选择:pretend;choose
2. 不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式还可以作宾语补足语,与句子中的宾语形成逻辑上的主谓关系。常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, help, tell, wish, want, teach等。例如:Our music teacher teaches us to sing the new song. 音乐老师教我们唱这首新歌。◆一些动词不定式作宾语补足语时可省略 to,这样的动词有使役动词 let, make, have 等,以及感官动词 see, watch, hear, feel 等。例如:I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看到他几分钟前离开了。◆help 后面既可以跟带 to 的不定式,也可以跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:The boy always helps his father (to) cut grass on weekends. 这个男孩总是在周末帮他的父亲修剪草坪。
Unit 6 I'm going to study computer science.
本单元语法重点:be going to结构。be going to 结构是一般将来时的一种。表示按计划、安排将要发生的事,或经主观推测将要或肯定要发生的动作。此结构通常译为“打算、计划、将要”等。
一、陈述句◆肯定句:主语+ be (am / is / are) + going to + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:He is going to be a doctor in the future. I'm going to study math really hard.◆否定句要在 be 的后面加 not。例如: I am not going to practice singing lessons after school.
二、一般疑问句Be (am / is / are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原 形 + 其他?肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + am / is / are.否定回答:No, 主语 + am / is / are not.例如:— Are you going to work all night?— Yes, I am. / No, I am not.— Is she going to visit her grandfather tomorrow?— Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
三、特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be (am / is / are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:When is he going to have his hair cut? What are you going to do this evening?◆常用的时间状语有:this evening, tomorrow, next week, soon 等表示将来的词或短语。注意:如表示“打算去某个地方”时,to 后面常跟表 示地点的名词。例如:I am going to Beijing for vacation.
【记忆口诀】be going to 跟“动原”,计划、准备或打算;表可能,有必然,通过现象来判断。be的形式要注意,它要随着人称变,否定句,很简单,not加在be后边;疑问句,需牢记,be应提到主语前。
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
本单元语法重点:一般将来时。一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。除了“be going to”结构外,还有另一种表达方式,即“will + 动词原形”。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow,next week,in + 时间,in the future 等。
一、陈述句◆肯定句:主语+will+动词原形 + 其他。例如:He will go back to London in five days.◆ 否定句:主语 + won't (will not) + 动词原 形 + 其他。例如:It won't (will not) be sunny tomorrow.
二、一般疑问句Will+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+will.否定回答:No, 主语+won't.例如:— Will she come to the party this evening?— Yes, she will. / No, she won't.
三、特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例如:When will you get up tomorrow morning?

【记忆口诀】将来事情未发生,“打算”“将”“要”句意中。判断时态要仔细,将来时间要看清。be going to 和 will,后面都要跟原形will 不分人称、数,be going to 则不同。be 要跟着主语变,它的用法记分明“单三”is,“我”am,其余主语 are 就行。Will,be 后加 not,句子变会变否定Will, be 到时句子前,一般问句即变成。回答形式更简单,相信大家一定行。
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
本单元语法重点:可数名词和不可数名词。
1. 可数名词有单复数变化,当可数名词以单数形式出现时,前面需加冠词 a / an / the;当需要表达具体数量时,前面需加数词。例如:I have an apple and two bananas. 我有一个苹果和两根香蕉。
2. 不可数名词没有单复数变化,当需要表达具体数量时,可用量词短语。例如:I'd like to order a cup of yogurt and two pieces of bread. 我想点一杯酸奶和两片面包。
3. 可数名词复数前面可以用 many,a few 等修饰;不可数名词前面可以用 much,a little 等修饰。例如:Many boys and girls think it is fun to read books. 很多男孩和女孩认为看书很有趣。Minnie likes to drink a little milk before she goes to bed. Minnie 喜欢在睡前喝点牛奶。 ◆另外,可数名词与不可数名词都可以被 some,a lot of 等修饰,例如:Our teacher comes into the classroom with some books / paper in his hands. 我们老师手里拿着一些书/纸进了教室。
4. how much 和 how manyhow much 与 how many 均意为“多少”,how much 用来提问不可数名词,而 how many 用来提问可数名词。此外,how much 还可以用来提问价格,意思是“多少钱”。例如:— How many oranges do we need? 我们需要多少个橘子?— We need three oranges. 我们需要三个橘子。 — How much sugar do we need? 我们需要多少糖?— We need two spoons of sugar. 我们需要两匙糖。 — How much is your new watch? 你的新手表多少钱?— 100 yuan. 100 元。
Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
本单元语法重点:can表示邀请。can 意为“能;会”,是情态动词,可以用 来提出“邀请”。
【例句】:Can you come to my birthday party tomorrow? 你明天能来参加我的生日聚会吗? Can you hang out with us tonight? 今晚你能和我们一起出去玩吗?Can she go to the football game? 她能去看足球比赛吗?Can you go for a swim with me this afternoon? 今天下午你能跟我一起去游泳吗?
接受邀请时,答句可以是“OK. / Sure. It sounds great. / All right. / Certainly. / Of course. / Sure, I'd love / like to.”或“Yes, I can.”。 拒绝邀请时,答句可以是“I'm sorry, I can't. I have to... / I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't. / Sorry, but I'm not available / free.”。
其他表示“邀请”的句型:Could / Would / Will you please come to my birthday party?Would you like / love to come to my birthday party?I hope you can come to my birthday party.Please come to my birthday party.May I ask / invite you to come to my birthday party?What / How about coming to my birthday party?

Unit 10 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!
本单元语法重点:if 条件句。if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句。从句可放在主句后,也可放在主句前,放在主句前时常用逗号与主句隔开(记忆口诀:条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间)。if从句用一般现在时,主句则用一般将来时,即遵循“主将从现”原则。主将从现

构成主句(主将)if从句(从现)时态1.一般将来时: 主语+shall/will+V原2.主句是祈使句3.主句含有情态动词Can, may , must等词4.主句含有want, hope , wish 等表愿望的词 一般现在时:主+be(is/am/are)+其它(名/形)。主+V 原+其它。主(单三)+V(单三)+其它。例句I will be busy.
call me please.he will take us to the zoo.please let me know.I may take a trip.If I am an teacher,If you come back,If he comes,If you can come,If I have much money

 

 

by+V-ing


★“by+V-ing”结构在句子中作方式状语,常用来表示“以、靠、借助、通过、用(某种方法或手段)”而达到某种预期的目的。该结构常用来回答 How do you...? 之类的问题。
★ 当 by 和表示交通工具的名词连用时,它与名词之间不用任何限定词,且名词用单数形式。They often go to school by subway. 他们经常坐地铁上学。
★ by,in 和 with 都可以表示“通过;借助”。by 后接表示动作、行为的名词;in 表示“用某种语言;用某种材料”;with 后接表示物体或工具的名词。如:You may send the book by post. 你可以通过邮局把书寄出去。

提建议句式


①What/how about +doing sth.?如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don't you +do sth.?如:Why don't you go shopping?
③Why not +do sth.?如:Why not go shopping?
④Let's +do sth.如:Let's go shopping
⑤Shall we/I+ do sth.?如:Shall we/ I go shopping?

Unit 2:I think that mooncakes are delicious!
第二单元的语法重点是:宾语从句;反义疑问句;表达“花费”。

宾语从句


that,if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句:
★ 宾语从句中连接词的选择
1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句:that 在从句中无词义,不作任何成分,常可省略。如: Jenny said (that) she could finish her painting before supper. I think (that) you are right.
2. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句:if 或 whether 引导宾语从句时,一般可通用,都表示“是否”。如:I don't know if / whether she still works there.I want to know if / whether there is a hospital in this street.
但在下列情况下,只能用 whether,而不能用 if:(1)在 whether ... or not 或 whether or not 结构中,不能用 if。如:Nobody knows whether or not it will rain.
(2)在介词之后用 whether。如:I'm interested in whether he likes English.
★ 主从句时态的呼应
当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可用各种时态;当主句是一般过去时态时,从句常用过去的某种时态。但当从句叙述的是客观事实或一般真理时,即使主句为过去时,宾语从句仍然用一般现在时态。如:He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian. Our geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.

直击中考

反义疑问句


①肯定陈述句+否定提问。如:Lily is a student isn't she?Lily will go to China,won't she?
②否定陈述句+肯定提问。如:She doesn't come from China,does she?You haven't finished homework,have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词如:Lily is a student,isn't she?
④陈述句中含有否定意义的词如:little,few,never,nothing,hard 等,其反意疑问句用肯定式。如:He knows little English,does he?他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?

表达“花费”


1.spend 动词,表示“花费金钱、时间"①spend...on sth.在某事上花费(金钱、时间)②spend...doing sth.花费(金钱、时间)去做某事
如:He spends too much time on clothes.他花费太多的时间在衣着上。(花金钱)He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。(花时间)
2. pay 的基本用法是:① pay(sb.)money for sth. 花费钱(给某人)买。② pay for sth. 付……的钱。③ pay for sb. 替某人付钱。④ pay sb. 付钱给某人。⑤ pay money back. 还钱。⑥ pay off one's money. 还清钱。
如:① I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。② I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。③ Don't wory! I'll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。④ They pay us every month. 他们每月给我们报酬。
3. take 后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:① It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。② doing sth.takes sb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
如:① It took them three years to build this road.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。② Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
4.cost 的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示”值”,常见用法如下:① sth. costs(sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。② (doing)sth.costs(sb).时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。注意:cost 的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
如:① A new computer costs a lot of money.一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。② Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

直击中考


1.【湖南长沙】Tom spent 200 yuan ______ this book.A.in B.on C.for D.with
2.【广东深圳】It ______ me two days to finish the work.A.took B.cost C.spent D.paid
3.【天津】34.I ______ some of my free time basketball for my school team.A.spend B.cost C.take D.pay
4.【四川宜宾】24.I ______ $300 for the bike.A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid

Unit 3:Could you please tell mewhere the restrooms are?
第三单元的语法重点是:宾语从句;语态;倒装句;程度副词。

宾语从句


连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句。
1. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 等引导,不能省略。例如:Do you know who he is?
2. 由连接副词 how, where, when, why 引导, 也不可省略。例如:I don't know where I can buy this kind of camera.
3. 宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。
4. 主句与从句的时态关系:(1) 如果主句是一般现在时,从句可以是根据情况所需要的任何时态。例如:I don't know when she came here. Can you tell me when he will come here?
(2) 如果主句是过去的时态,从句也应用过去时态的某一种。但若从句是表示客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句时态的限制,应用一般现在时。例如:He told us why he would stay at home the next day.The teacher explained how the earth goes around the sun.
5. 某些由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句可改为含“特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构的简单句。例如:Can you tell me where I can buy this book? → Can you tell me where to buy this book?

直击中考


1.【2017南昆明】33.—Could you please tell me ____ ?一The people and the food.A.how does Tom like China B.if Tom likes ChinaC.what does Tom like about ChinaD.what Tom likes about China
2.【2017广西贵港】44.—Could you tell me ______ ?—Sure.A story book.A.when did your friend give it to youB.what did your friend give youC.how your friend got to the supermarketD.what your friend gave you

语态


① 英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
② 被动语态的构成由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

 

 

倒装句


由 so+助动词(be/do/will/have)情态动词+主语 意为:…也是一样
例如:She is a student.So am I. 她是一个学生,我也是。She went to school just now.So did I. 她刚才去学校了,我也是She has finished the work.So have I. 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。She will go to school.So will he. 她将去学校,他也是。

程度副词


程度副词:always 总是usually 经常 sometimes 有时never 从不
如:I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.我总是经常/有时/从不上学迟到。

Unit 4:I used to be afraid of the dark.
第四单元的语法重点是:used to 的用法;if 引导条件状语从句;few 和 little。

used to 的用法


used to 是一个固定结构,意为“过去经常;以前常常”,其后接动词原形。它表示过去存在某种状态或者过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作。
★ 其用于肯定句的结构为:主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他。如:I used to play ping-pong with my brother. 过去我常常和我哥哥一起打乒乓球。
★ 其用于否定句的结构为:主语 + didn't +use to+ 动词原形。如:You didn't use to like action movies. 你过去不喜欢动作片。
★ 其用于一般疑问句的结构为:Did + 主 语 + use to+ 动词原形 + 其他? 如:Did your sister use to be shy? 你的妹妹过去害羞吗?
【辨析】
be used to (doing) sth 意为“习惯于(做)某 事”,to 后可接名词、代词或动名词。如:The students are used to the new teacher now. 学生们现在习惯这个新老师了。They are used to raising their hands first when they want to ask questions. 他们习惯了问问题前先举手。

if 引导条件状语从句


★ if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气,通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气,虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
★ if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句,非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时,其虚拟语气结构为:

句型 条件从句 主句
谓语动词 形式动词过去式(be 动词用 were) would 动词原形


即:(从句)if 主语+动词过去式(be 动词用 were),一般过去时(主句)主语+would+动词原形过去将来时。
例如:If I had time,I would go for a walk.如果我有时间,我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)If I were you,I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话,我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员,我会表示拒绝。(事实上没有人请我当电影演员)

直击中考


1.【陕西】24.If there ______ no buying and selling of animals,there ______ no killing in nature.A.is;will be B.will be;will be C.is;is D.will be;is
2.【黑龙江绥化市】25.I'm waiting for my friend. ______ ,I'll go shopping alone.A.If she comes B.If she won't come C.If she doesn't come

few 与 little


a few 与 a little 的区别,few 与 little 的区别:
★ a few 一些,修饰可数名词a litle 一些,修饰不可数名词,两者表肯定意义。如:He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the botle.在瓶子里有一些糖。
★ few 少数的,修饰可数名词little少数的,修饰不可数名词,但两者表否定意义。如:He has few friends.他没有几个朋友。

直击中考


1.【江苏常州】He offered ______ valuable advice that ______ people disagreed.
A.such;a few B.such;fewC.so;a few D.so;few
2.【青岛市】Dave has _______ friends here,so he often stays at home by himself and feels lonely.A.many B.a fewC.few D.several

Unit 5:What are the shirts made of?
第五单元的语法重点是:一般现在式的被动语态;现在完成时;名词所有格。

一般现在式的被动语态

英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
★ 一般现在时的被动语态表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的被动动作,由“主语 + am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词(+by+ 动作执行者)”构成。例如:The yard is cleaned (by someone) every morning. 院子每天早上都有人打扫。
★ 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或不用指出动作的执行者,而需要强调动作的承受者时,就要用被动语态。例如:Mobile phones are mainly used to keep in touch with other people. 手机主要被用来和其他人保持联系。
★ 一般现在时的被动语态的一般疑问句是将 be 提至句首;否定句是在 be 后加 not。例如:Is Chinese spoken by many people? 许多人说汉语吗?The little girl is not looked after by her mother. 这个小女孩不是由她的妈妈照顾。
★ 主动句变被动句将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,将主动句的谓语变为被动结构(be+ 过去 分词),将主动句的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,若为主格应改为宾格。例如:He broke the cup. 他打破了杯子。→ The cup was broken by him. 杯子被他打破了。

 

直击中考


1.【广西南宁】32.Han Han's books are popular.They ______ by many teenagers.
A.is read B.was read C.are read D.were read
2.【湖北宜昌】34.-At present,one of the best ways to study is working in groups.-More chances ______ to students to learn from each other.A.offer B.are offered C.have offered D.are offering

现在完成时


★ 由 have/has+ 过去分词
★ 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already,just,yet,ever,never 连用。如:I have already finished it. 我已经完成了。Have you ever been to China? 你曾经去过中国吗?
★ ①表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状态连用。如:(for+ 时间段,since+ 时间点,或过去某一动作,以及 how long)。
②注:非延续性动词在现在完成时态中不能和 for,since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。应转为相应的延续性动词,如:buy----havedie----be deadjoin----be inborrow-----keepleave----be awayI have bought a pen.-----I have had a pen for 2 weeks.
★① have(has)been to+ 地点(去过某地已经回来)②have(has)gone to+ 地点(去了基地没有回来)③have been in+ 地点(一直呆在某地没有离开过)
如:She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海。(已经回来)She has gone to Shanghai.她去了上海。(没有回来)She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她待上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)

直击中考


1.【2017福建】26.-Do you know the Color Run five-kilometer race?
-Yes.So far it ______ into quite a few cities in our country.A.comes B.came C. has come
2.【2017河北】33.Wow!You ______ dinner!Let's eat now.A.cook B.are cookingC.will cook D.have cooked

名词所有格


名词所有格的构成有两种形式:
★ 是在名词后面加 s 或是以 s 结尾的名词,只在名词的后面加',如:Ann's book 安的书,our teachers' office.我们老师们的办公室。
注:双方共有的所有格,只在后面一个名词加 's,如:Lily and Lucy's father.莉莉和露西的爸爸(她们的爸爸是同一个人)。
★ 有 …of… 介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格,如:a picture of my famil.我家人的相片。
有时也有 s 表示无生命的东西的所有格,如:today's newspaper.今天的报纸。the city's name.这座城市的名字。

Unit 6:When was it invented?
第六单元的语法重点是:一般过去式的被动语态。

一般过去式的被动语态

 

 

直击中考


1.【陕西】28.The mobile phone has influenced people's life a lot since it ______ .
A.invents B.invented C.is invented D.was invented
2.【湖南益阳】30.The sports meeting _____ next month.A.will hold B.is going to hold C.will be held

Unit 7:Teenagers should be allowedto choose their own clothes.
第七单元的语法重点是:含情态动词的被动语态;would 用法。

含情态动词的被动语态

 

 

直击中考


【湖南衡阳】27.Teenagers _______ allowed to drive.
A.should not be B.should be not C.not should be

would 用法


★ 想要做:would like to do.★ 想要:would like sth.
常用的句型有:① What would you like to do? 你想要做什么?I would like to visit GuiLin. 我想去参观桂林。② What would you like? 你想要什么?I would like some tea. 我想来些茶。③ Would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会?(表邀请)Yes,I'd love/like to./No,thanks.④ Would you like some tea or coffee? 你是要点茶还是咖啡?Yes,I'd love/like.No.thanks.⑤ Where would you like to visit/go? 你想去哪呢?

Unit 8:It must belong to Carla.
第八单元的语法重点是:情态动词表推测。

情态动词表推测

 

 


情态动词 must,may,might,could,may,can 表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形,都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们含义有所不同。
① must 一定,肯定(100%可能性)② may,might,could 有可能,也许(20%、80%可能性)③ can't 不可能,不会(可能性几乎为零)
如:The dictionary must be mine.It has my name on it.The hair band can't be Bob's.After all,he is boy!

直击中考


1.【吉林长春】20.-Are the glasses Tim's?
-No,they _______ be his.He doesn't wear glasses.A.must B.canC.mustn'tD.can't
2.【江苏宿迁】5.-Excuse me,is this the way to No.10 Middle School?-Oh,sory.I'm not sure.But it ______ be.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.mayUnit 9:I like music that I can dance to.
第九单元的语法重点是:定语从句。

定语从句


★ 定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。本单元主要学习由 who、that、which 引导的限制性定语从句。
★ 先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
★ 关系代词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。who、that、which 一般在定语从句中充当关系代词
【例句】① She is the girl who/that wants to see you.② The man wants to find a house that/which is in the center of the city. ③ The story (that/which) he told me yesterday was interesting.④ The girl (who/that) I talked to a moment ago is my cousin.
【总结】 1. 当先行词表示人时,引导定语从句的关系代词用 that 或 who;当先行词表示物时,引导定语从句的关系代词用 that 或 which。2. 当关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时,关系代词不能省略;当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时,关系代词可以省略。

直击中考


1.【绵阳市】20.I can never forget the stories ______ my grandma told me.
A.what B.who C.them D.that
2.【浙江嘉兴】21.Most students like the teachers ______ understand them well.A.who B.when C.what D.which

Unit 10:You 're supposed to shake hands.
第十单元的语法重点是:be supposed to;be expected to;It is + adj. + 动词不定式;so…that…。

be supposed to


be supposed to 意为“被期望或要求……”,其中 to 是动词不定式符号,其后要跟动词原形,be 有人称和时态的变化,其否定形式要在 be 后加 not。
当 be supposed to 的主语是“人”时,意为“应该……”,它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等,相当于情态动词 should,如:You are supposed to stop smoking. 你应该停止吸烟。
当 be supposed to 的主语是“物”时,表示“本应;本该”,用于表示“某事本应该发生而没有发生”,如:The new law is supposed to prevent crime. 新法令本该起到预防犯罪的作用。

be expected to


be expected to 意为“被期望……”,表示一种可能性。其中 to 是动词不定式符号,其后要跟动词原形,be有人称和时态的变化,其否定形式要在 be 后加 not,如:They are expected to finish the work today. 预期他们今天会完成工作。

It is + adj. + 动词不定式


“It is + adj. + (for sb +)动词不定式”意为“做某事(对某人来说)……”。动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,如:It is important for us to help each other. 互相帮助对我们来说很重要。

so…that…


★ so…that… 如此...以致于,引导结果状语从句,so 后面接形容词、副词。
★ so that 作“为了”时,引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词,作结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用情态动词。
如:She got up early so that she could catch the bus.为了能赶上车,她起得很早。(目的状语从句)She was so sad that she couldn't say a word.她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。(结果状语从句)

Unit 11:Sad movies make me cry.
第十一单元的语法重点是:使役动词 make 的用法;在复合句中作主句的宾语。

使役动词 make


make 作使役动词时,意为“使、让”。具体用法如下:
★ make + sb / sth+ 形容词,意为“使某人或某物……”,其中形容词作宾语补足语。例如:Soft music makes me sleepy. 轻柔的音乐让我想睡觉。What he said made the teacher very angry. 他说的话让老师很生气。
★ make + sb / sth+ 动词原形,意为“使某人或某物……”,此处的动词原形是省略 to 的动词不定式,也作宾语补足语。例如:That man made me think of my dear grandfather. 那位老人让我想起了我亲爱的爷爷。Bad environment makes people want to leave the city. 糟糕的环境让人们想离开城市。
★ 使役动词 make 后跟省略 to 的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,须加上 to。例如:The teacher made me repeat the story. → I was made to repeat the story by the teacher.

宾语从句


由 连接词+主语+谓语 构成,常由下面的一些连接词引导:
★ 由 that 引导表示陈述意义 that 可省略。如:He says (that) he is at home.他说他在家里。
★ 由 if,whether 引导表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、己否、对否等)。如:I don't know if /whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
★ 由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词)引导表示特殊疑问意义。如:Do you know what he wants to buy?你知道他想要买什么吗?
★ 从句时态要与主句一致,当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态。如:He says (that ) he is at home.他说他在家里。I don't know (that) she is singing now.我不知道她正在唱歌。

直击中考


【2018四川成都】37.-How beautiful your skirt is!Could you please tell me ______?
-Thanks.I bought it on Taobao.A.where you bought itB.when you bought it C.why you bought it

Unit 12:Life is full of the unexpected.
第十二单元的语法重点是:过去完成时。

过去完成时


【例句】① She had seen ten films by last Friday. 到上周五为止,她已经看了十部电影了。② By the end of last October, she had collected 400 stamps. 到去年十月末,她已经收集了 400 枚邮票了。③ By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I had already cooked dinner. 我父母昨天到家时,我已经做晚饭了。④ Before Rebecca came to China in 2014, she had taught English in Korea for two years. 丽贝卡在 2014 年来中国之前,已经在韩国教了两年英语了。⑤ When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun. 当我们到电影院的时候,电影已经开始了。
【寻找“窍门”】
通过上面的句子,发现了什么规律?快来总结一下吧!

 

 

直击中考


【2011陕西】1.Some students in Shanghai ______ e-bags for several months.
A.haveB.have had C.had D.will have

Unit 13:We're trying to save the earth!
第十三单元的语法重点是:总结现在进行时,现在完成时、被动语态。

现在进行时


表示现阶段或现在正在进行的动作。常与 now,these days 等时间状语连用。另外,句中有 look,listen 等词暗示时,常用现在进行时。
现在进行时谓语构成:is/am/are + 动词的现在分词。

现在完成时


表示过去已经发生或完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果;还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在,也许还要持续下去的动作或状态。常与 already,yet,before,so far,in the last three years,recently,“for + 时间段”,“since+ 时间点”等连用。
现在完成时构成:have / has + 动词的过去分词。

直击中考


【福建泉州】1.-Dad,I ______ the station for minutes,but nobody came to meet me.
-Don't worry.I'll go to meet you soon.A.arrived at B.have been at C.will reach

被动语态


当没有或没必要指出动作的执行者或需要强调动作的承受者时,一般用被动语态。
被动语态谓语构成:be + 动词的过去分词。

Unit 14:I remember meetingall of you in Grade 7.
第十四单元的语法重点是:一般过去时;宾语从句;be going to。

一般过去时


He managed to get to the top of the Himalayas after trying several times. 在尝试了几次之后,他设法到达了喜马拉雅山山顶。She borrowed some books from the library yesterday afternoon. 她昨天下午从图书馆借了几本书。She went to Beijing last week. 他上周去了北京。

直击中考


【2016绵阳】-Don't you see the sign "No Parking!" on the right?
-Sorry,I ______ .But now I know parking here is not right.A.don'tB.didn'tC.hadn'tD.doesn't

宾语从句


I can't remember where I first met her. 我不记得我第一次见到她是在哪里。We haven't decided if/whether we will buy a new table. 我们还没决定是否买一张新桌子。The English teacher told us (that) we would have a test next week. 英语老师告诉我们下周要进行考试。

be going to


He is going to write a letter tonight. 他打算今晚写一封信。There is going to be a football game on Saturday afternoon.周六下午将有一场足球赛。Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain. 看那些乌云,快要下雨了。

 

 

▍素材来源:网络,转载请注明

▍声明:我们尊重原创,版权归原作者及原出处所有,如侵权,请立即联系我们删除。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    奇速优客
    奇速优客
    奇速思维导图
    奇速中高考