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高考英语丨语法填空考点分布、解题技巧

更新时间:2020-11-04浏览:评论: 条

在高考英语中,语法填空是较为尴尬的题型,分数不如阅读来的高,难度可比阅读高不少。

 

语法填空得高分虽然不容易,但想要获得基础分,是有许多技巧可以依仗的。

 

 

 小编乱入 

 

 

语法填空解题技巧

语法填空重在语境中考查考生的综合语言运用能力。它是命题人在预先选好的一篇地道的英语文章中,在保证句子成分、结构和语法等有效解题信息基本完备的基础上,挖去10个空所为,这10个空根据有无提示词可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种。

 

从近三年高考来看,语法填空的考点分布如下:

 

一、有提示词类:设置7个小题

高频考点

谓语动词

1~2题:考查时态、语态及主谓一致,其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题,答案最多三个单词。

非谓语动词

1~3题:考查不定式、动名词与分词,每种最多设1题。

派生词

1~3题:考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。

名词

0~1题:主要考查可数名词的复数,也可能会考查名词的所有格。

形容词和副词类

0~1题:主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换,以及其比较级或最高级。

低频考点

代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。

二、无提示词类:设置3个小题

高频

考点

介词

0~1题:重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词,一般不涉及短语介词。

冠词

0~1题:重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词,一般不涉及零冠词。

从属关联词

0~2题:侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外,名词性从句、状语从句的引导词也偶有涉及。

低频

考点

并列连词

0~1题:并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。

其他

0~1题:包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do,does,did;构成部分倒装的do,does,did;构成一般疑问句的do,does,did),构成强调结构的it或that,连接性副词(before,ago,however,anyway...)等。

一 如何应对提示词为动词题


【思维流程】

[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.        (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.
 
分析:分析句子结构可知,缺少谓语,故应填谓语动词。由时间状语“In recent years”可知,句子用现在完成时;再由主语“some Inuit people”可知,谓语动词应用复数形式,故谓语动词用have reported。
 
[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.        (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was 69.a joke.
 
分析:分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词got,空处应填非谓语动词。再由句意可知,say与前面的a call之间是主动关系,故用现在分词短语saying...作后置定语,修饰a call。
 
二 如何应对提示词为其他词题
 
【思维流程】
 

 
[示例1](2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67.         (cause).
 
分析:cause表示“原因,起因”时是可数名词,且前面有all修饰,故填cause的复数形式causes。
 
[示例2](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many 67.        (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68.hugely(huge) popular with tourists.
 
分析:所填词修饰名词stories,故应用tradition的形容词形式traditional。
 
[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62.        (poor) studied.
 
分析:此处修饰动词studied,故应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
 
[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.noting(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.        (high) than they actually are.
 
分析:根据空格后的than可知,此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
 
[示例5](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68.        (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.meant(mean) me no real harm.
 
分析:分析句子结构可知,此处作find的宾语,alive为宾语补足语,故此处要用人称代词的宾格。故填them。
 
[示例6](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68.        (it) mother.
 
分析:根据空格后的名词mother及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知此处作定语,要用形容词性物主代词its。
 
三 如何应对纯空格题
 
【思维流程】
 

 
 
[示例1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63.         tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
 
分析:a method of/for doing sth做某事的方法。
 
[示例2](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was searching 67.             these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
 
分析:search for意为“寻找”,为固定搭配,故填介词for。
 
[示例3](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69.         nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining,six 70.are(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
 
分析:此处特指确认的19个北极熊亚种群,故用定冠词the。
 
[示例4](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call 68.saying(say) she was short-listed,we thought it was 69.         joke.
 
分析:joke“笑话,玩笑”,是可数名词。空格后用了单数joke,故其前用a。
 
[示例5](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using 67.             every day.
 
分析:指代前句中的the railway,故填it。
 
[示例6](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia,especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,61.             Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
 
分析:这里列举了亚洲的一些国家,它们为并列关系,应用and。
 
[示例7](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,62.         she opened with her late husband Les.
 
分析:分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,the pet shop是先行词,定语从句中缺少opened的宾语,故用which。
 
[示例8](2019·全国卷Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61.         they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
 
分析:分析句子结构可知,所填词引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句不缺少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。

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