句子种类专讲专练

 

句子按说话目的可分为四种类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

 

[陈述句]

☞考点：陈述句的肯定结构和否定结构。

在肯定结构中，谓语部分不含否定词；否定结构是在系动词、助动词或情态动词后加not，除了not外，其他否定词，如：no, hardly, never, neither, nor等，也可以构成否定结构。

【考例链接】

1. Li Lei does the housework every day.  (改为否定句)

Li Lei ______ ______ the housework every day.       (2016湖北孝感)

2. Both Lucy and May can speak Japanese very well.  (变成否定句)

______ Lucy ______ May can speak Japanese very well.  (2016黑龙江绥化)

3. There are many old people exercising in the park now.  (改为否定句)

There ______ ______ many old people exercising in the park now.   (2015重庆B卷)

4. Ben has finished the project on reusing natural resources. (改为否定句)

Ben ______ ______ the project on reusing natural resources.  (2015贵州安顺)

 

[疑问句]

疑问句用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和附加疑问句。课标要求同学们掌握前三种。

☞考点一：一般疑问句。

一般疑问句用yes 或no 来回答，其回答常用简略答语。一般疑问句通常将系动词、助动词或情态动词放到主语前(有时谓语动词的形式需进行相应变化)。

【考例链接】

1. He has four lessons in the morning every day. (改为一般疑问句)

______ he ______ four lessons in the morning every day? 

(2016甘肃天水)

2. The teacher explained to us the puzzling problem yesterday afternoon.  (改为一般疑问句)

_____ the teacher _____ to you the puzzling problem yesterday afternoon?

(2014甘肃平凉)

☞考点二：特殊疑问句。

1. 以疑问词开始，以寻求信息为目的的句子叫特殊疑问句。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes或no，而要根据实际情况回答。

2. 常用的疑问词有：疑问代词what, which, who, whose, whom；疑问副词when, where, why, how；疑问词组how soon, how long, how far, how often, what class, what time, what color, how old, how many, how much等。

3. 特殊疑问句的一般结构是：“疑问词(不作主语)+一般疑问句语序？” 但对主语或修饰主语的定语提问时，要用陈述句语序。

【考例链接】

1. With the help of my friend, I learned about sending messages.  (就划线部分提问)

______ ______ you learn about sending messages?

 (2016新疆乌鲁木齐)

2. His father is tall and thin. (对划线部分提问)

______ ______ his father look like?

 (2016黑龙江绥化)

3. I can finish the report on food safety in two days. (对划线部分提问)

______ ______ can you finish the report on food safety? 

(2016甘肃天水)

4. The Chinese graduate became a star because of his speech at Harvard.  (对划线部分提问)

______ ______ the Chinese graduate become a star?

 (2016上海)

5. The girl bought lots of clothes on the day of Double 11 last year. (对划线部分提问)

______ ______ the girl do on the day of Double 11 last year? 

(2016重庆B卷)

6. Dave was making a model plane in the classroom at that time. (对划线部分提问)

______ ______ Dave making a model plane at that time? 

(2016重庆A卷)

7. It's about 2 kilometers from my home to school. (对划线部分提问)

______ ______ is it from your home to school?         

 (2015湖北孝感)

☞考点三：选择疑问句。

选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况，用or连接。回答时不能用yes或no，而要根据选择的情况进行回答。它有两种形式，一种类似一般疑问句的形式，一种类似特殊疑问句的形式。

【考例链接】

(    )1. —Do you like listening to country music or rock music?

—_____. It brings me pleasure.

A. Yes, I do                 B. No, I don't

C. I like music             D. Country music

 (2015 吉林长春)

2. My favorite color is green.  (用yellow改为选择疑问句)

_____ your favorite color green _____ yellow?

 (2015黑龙江绥化)

 

[祈使句]

☞考点一：肯定式

祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。有时为了强调对方时，可以写出主语you或人名。为了使语气变得委婉、客气，可在句首或句末加上please。

☞考点二：否定式

在动词原形前加don’t构成否定的祈使句。

☞考点三：祈使句可用于句型“祈使句+and / or+分句”中，祈使句相当于条件状语从句。

【考例链接】

(    )1. _____ along this street, and you can find the hotel on your right, next to the market.

A. Walk                B. To walk 

C. Walks              D. Walking

(2015 吉林长春)

(    )2. _____ on the grass, or it will “cry”.

A. To walk           B. Not to walk 

C. Walk               D. Don't walk

(2015陕西)

(    )3. _____ kind and helpful to the people around us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.

A. Be                    B. Being 

C. To be                D. Been   

 (2015河南)

(    )4. Daniel, _____ play with the mobile phone while you're walking in the street.

A. don't                B. doesn't  

C. won't                D. can't    

(2015江苏盐城)

5. You shouldn't drive cars after drinking wine. (改为祈使句)

_____ _____ cars after drinking wine.

 (2016新疆乌鲁木齐)

 

[感叹句]

感叹句表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈的感情，一般由what或how引导，句末用感叹号。

☞考点一：what引导的感叹句。

what修饰名词，它引导的感叹句有三种句型：

1. What + a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 (+ 主语 + 其他)!

2. What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词(+ 主语 + 其他)!

3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 其他)!

☞考点二：how引导的感叹句。

how作状语，修饰形容词或副词，它引导的感叹句的句型为：How + 形容词 / 副词(+ 主语 +其他)! 

【考例链接】

(    )1. —What programme is so attractive?

—The guard of honor (仪仗队) of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square.

—_____ exciting event!

A. How a              B. What an

C. How an            D. What a

(    )2. —Jane Zhang is going to hold a concert here in July.

—Really? _____ exciting news!

A. How                 B. What an          

C. What

(    )3. —So far, Su Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds.

—_____ he runs！

A. How slow          B. How fast 

C. What a slow      D. What a fast   

(    )4. —Did you watch the TV show Running Man last night?

—Yes, I did. _____ interesting it was!

A. How                  B. What               

C. What a       

5. Mr. Smith is a very kind man.  (改为感叹句）

_____ _____ kind man Mr. Smith is! 

6. It's very useful information. (改为感叹句)

_____ _____ the information is!

 

 

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