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在中考中,写作是考查英语水平的一项重要内容,一些明显的句法错误将会使整篇文章质量大打折扣。句子通顺准确是写作的基本要求,今天小编为大家带来写作中最易出现的九种句法错误,赶快学习起来,为自己的英语写作加加分吧!
一
词性误用
词性误用常表现为:介词错用为动词,形容词错用为副词,名词错用为动词等。
例:They earn some money so that they can independence. 他们挣钱是为了自立。 解析:independence是名词,句中误用为动词。 改为:They earn some money so that they can be independent.
例:They earn some money so that they can independence.
他们挣钱是为了自立。
解析:independence是名词,句中误用为动词。
改为:They earn some money so that they can be independent.
二
修饰语错位
英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语放在句子中不同的位置,可能会引起句子含义的变化。这一点常被同学们所忽视,因而造成了不必要的误解。
例:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus. 我相信我会做得很好,而且我将对校园外的世界有更好的了解。 解析:better位置不当,应置于句末。 改为:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
例:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
我相信我会做得很好,而且我将对校园外的世界有更好的了解。
解析:better位置不当,应置于句末。
改为:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
三
句子不完整
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势、语气等来理解对方的意思,不完整的句子也完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这常常发生在主句写完以后,学生又想加些补充说明的情况下。
例:There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper. 了解社会的途径有很多,比如可以通过电视、广播和报纸。 解析:本段后半部分“For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。 改为:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
例:There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
了解社会的途径有很多,比如可以通过电视、广播和报纸。
解析:本段后半部分“For example, by TV, radio and newspaper.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。
改为:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio and newspaper.
四
主谓不一致
英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响,许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子的主谓一致关系,从而出现错误。
例:Once one have time, he can do what he want to do. 人一旦有了时间,他就能想干什么就干什么。 解析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants,本句是典型的主谓不一致。 改为:Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
例:Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有了时间,他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants,本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为:Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.
五
指代不清
指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。
例1:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. 玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。 解析:读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把容易引起误解的代词加以明确,意思就一目了然了。 改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例1:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。
解析:读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把容易引起误解的代词加以明确,意思就一目了然了。
改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
例2:We can also know the society by serving it yourself. 我们还可以通过亲身参与、体验的方式了解社会。 解析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。 改为:We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
例2:We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
我们还可以通过亲身参与、体验的方式了解社会。
解析:句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为:We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.
六
重复累赘
同学们在写书面表达时应尽量做到简洁:写句子没有一个多余的词,写段落没有一个多余的句子。
例1:In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 尽管他很懒惰,我还是喜欢他。 解析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句,我们可按照“简洁”的原则加以简化。 改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例1:In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
尽管他很懒惰,我还是喜欢他。
解析:本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同位语从句,我们可按照“简洁”的原则加以简化。
改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例2: For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 对于勤奋善良的人来说,钱只是用来购买所需东西的工具。 解析:整个句子可以大大简化,重复累赘过多。 改为:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
例2: For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
对于勤奋善良的人来说,钱只是用来购买所需东西的工具。
解析:整个句子可以大大简化,重复累赘过多。
改为:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
七
句子不连贯
句子不连贯是指一个句子内部前言不搭后语,或是结构上不畅通。
例:The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 淡水是地球上最重要的东西。 解析:The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯,it与things在语法上不一致。 改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
例:The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
淡水是地球上最重要的东西。
解析:The fresh water与逗号后的it不连贯,it与things在语法上不一致。
改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
八
结构混乱
句子结构混乱主要是受汉语思维方式影响而导致的。同学们在日常学习中应多加练习,培养语感。
例1:There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有许多学生在打篮球。 解析:上面的句子中出现了两个谓语动词,不符合英语的语法习惯。 改为:Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例1:There are many students are playing basketball on the playground.操场上有许多学生在打篮球。
解析:上面的句子中出现了两个谓语动词,不符合英语的语法习惯。
改为:Many students are playing basketball on the playground.
例2:The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那边的女孩来自一个大城市。 解析:一个简单句中不能有两个谓语系动词,结构混乱。 改为:The girl standing over there is from a big city.
例2:The girl is standing over there is from a big city.站在那边的女孩来自一个大城市。
解析:一个简单句中不能有两个谓语系动词,结构混乱。
改为:The girl standing over there is from a big city.
九
句型单调,缺乏过渡
一篇文章如果简单句过多,句型单调,即使语法错误较少,思路较清晰,看后也会使人感到乏味。同学们应学会单句、复句交替使用,经常变换句型,尝试使用一些较复杂的语法结构及句型,适当运用过渡词,使文章更加连贯。
例:They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health. 他们每天睡眠少于八小时,这对他们的健康有很大影响。 解析:这段话中使用的全部是简单句,句型比较单调,可以改为定语从句或加入插入语。 改为:Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.
例:They sleep fewer than eight hours every day. It has great influence on their health.
他们每天睡眠少于八小时,这对他们的健康有很大影响。
解析:这段话中使用的全部是简单句,句型比较单调,可以改为定语从句或加入插入语。
改为:Actually, they sleep fewer than eight hours every day, which will,no doubt, have great influence on their health.
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