02

考向一语法一致

语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1.　单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。

☛His father is working on the farm.

☛  Time is money.

☛  To finish all the work on time is impossible.

☛ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

☛ The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.

◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。

What I bought were 3 English books.

What I say and do are helpful to you.

2.由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。

Lucy and Lily are twins.

She and I are friends.

Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。

The writer and artist has come.

◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

Every student and every teacher was in the room.

No boy and no girl likes it.

3.主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。

Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.

Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

4.either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Each of us has a new book.

Everything around us is matter.

Neither of the texts is interesting.

None of us has been to South Africa.

5.定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。

He is one of my students who are working hard.

He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.

A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give

【答案】B

【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

2（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it   64   (be) more effective at lengthening life   65than   walking, cycling or swimming.

【答案】is

【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。

3.He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.

A. has；anyone likesB. have；does anyone like

C. has；no one likesD. have；anyone likes

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。

6.集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。

His family is a happy one.

The whole family  are watching TV.

The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)

One third of the population here are workers.(人)

◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

7.由　a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。

  The rest of the lecture is wonderful.

  A lot of time is wasted.

  A lot of people take part in the meeting.

  2/3 water is drunk by him.

  2/3 students are absent.

8.倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。

On the wall are many pictures.

Such is the result.

Such are the facts.

It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.

A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take

【答案】A

【解析】主谓一致指＂人称＂和＂数＂方面的一致关系。根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success     a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often    years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。

03

考向二 意义一致原则

1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

Twenty minutes is enough for the work.

One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.

2.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。

The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.

one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。

One and a half apples is left on the table.

3.算式中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）

4.表示学科的以－ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。

Physics is an important subject in middle schools.

Mathematics is the study of numbers.

Politics, economics, athletics等。

5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。

The glass works was built up in 1980.

These glass works are near the railway station.

6.由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of 等量词时，视情况而定。

7.The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。

The young are usually very active.

The old are lonely.

【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the  nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】are

【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。

04

考向三 就近一致原则

就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

（1）当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。

Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.

他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。

（2）there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。

There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。

There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk.  书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。 

（3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。

Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。

Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。

（4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。

主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。

your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。

she，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。 

The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going

【答案】C

【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。

05

考点三 ＂名词+介词短语＂作主语

名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。

She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。

He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。

Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。

06

考向四 不定代词作主语

1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

☛Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。

☛Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。

☛Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。

☛Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。

2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

☛Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。

☛Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?

☛Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。

☛Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。

All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit

trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

A. areB. wasC. isD. were

【答案】C

【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。

07

考向五 特殊名词作主语

1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。

☛The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)

☛Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)

2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。

☛The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。

☛The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。

3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。

☛Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。

☛The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。

4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。

☛A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。

☛Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。

【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。

08

考向六 表数量概念的词或短语作主语

1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

☛Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。

☛Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。

☛100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。

2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。

☛Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。

☛Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。

3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

☛There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。

☛Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。

4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。

☛One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。

☛One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。

5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。

☛The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。

☛The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。

6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。

☛None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。

7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。

☛A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。

☛The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。

8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。

☛A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。

☛Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。

09

考向七 动名词、不定式和从句作主语

动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。

☛Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。

☛To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。

☛What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。

The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.

   A. are；is    B. are；are  C. is；are     D. is；is

【答案】A

【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。

 

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