Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
It's harmful to your eyes to read books in the bus.
(1)be harmful to... 对……有害
harm n. 损害；伤害 v. 对……有害；伤害；损害
Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air.
There exist(s)/existed... 某地有/存在……
3．puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难
The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.
她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。
(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好
puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
4．pull n. &vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
She pulled his sleeve to get his attention.
5．mass n. 质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众
I have masses of work to do.
Lucky for him，he was just in time for the bus.
To our great joy，my sister－in－law gave birth to a baby boy.
When it was in my turn，I was too excited to speak.
take turns to do sth/in doing sth 轮流做某事
It is sb 's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事
No one can prevent me(from) going there.
(1)protect...from/against... 保护……不受……侵袭
(2)同义词：stop...(from) doing...；keep...from doing...
I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.
Now that everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
引导原因状语从句的连词：now that，since，because，as，considering (that)，in that等。
Something unexpected always breaks out in this area.
break down 打破；坍塌；(精神、身体)垮掉
break into 强行进入(某处)；突然开始(大笑、欢呼等)
You should watch out for John，who often makes fun of others.你应该提防约翰，他经常取笑别人。
1．The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would lastor not.
地球(开始)变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
2．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on its surface.
更为重要的是当地球平静下来时，水开始在地球表面出现了。
3．This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.
4．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
5．It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
水对于生命的发展会起到关键作用这一点并没有立即明朗化。
6．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
短文语法填空，然后背诵短文，熟记本单元的重点词汇。
MKII，a planet__1__(billion) of kilometers away，is the origin of life in manyreligions. Physicists have proved the theory __2__ its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to __3__ earth's. And astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide，which are fundamental to life，exist in its atmospherethrough satellites. __4__(cheer) up by this news，biologists，in their turn，began to do some research to remove people's puzzles—Now that there are some suitable conditions，does life really exist on this globe? Do they multiply by laying eggs orgiving birth __5__ babies?
Last month，a spaceship __6__(send) there. It's a pity that this mission failed.Unlike the earth，MKII is a much __7__(young) planet. Thus，masses of __8__(harm)acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain reactions to break out. These clouds not only __9__(block) out the pilots' sight but also damaged the enginesystem. Luckily，the pilots watched out carefully and prevented the spaceship from __10__(crash) in time.
1. billions 2. that 3. the 4. Cheered 5. to
6. was sent 7. younger 8. harmful 9. blocked 10. crashing
必修3Unit4同步常考知识点练习
1．It is obvious __what__ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
解析：句意：为了子孙后代，当地政府在保护环境方面所能做的事情是显而易见的。It为形式主语，________ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations是真正的主语，该主语从句缺少宾语，且表示物，故填what。
2．New technologies have made __it__ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
3．All possible means __have_been_taken__(take) to prevent the river __being_polluted__ (pollute)．
4．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city __to_be_cheered__(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.
5．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere __where__ everybody felt to share his ideas.
解析：考查定语从句。从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
6．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus __improving__(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.
7．Those reports included one case, __where/in_which__ a fire broke out and destroyed two cars，although there were no injuries.
8．I suppose by the time I come back in ten year's time all these old houses will __have_been_pulled__ (pull) down.
9．Sometimes he found __it__very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
10．Susan made __it__ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
解析：本题考查代词的运用。句意：苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。分析句子结构可以看出，该句中包含一个that引导的从句，而且根据语境可知，that从句的内容就是苏珊向我表明的事情，所以后置的that从句实际上是made的真正宾语，故用形式宾语it指代that从句。
11．The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will __in__ time.
解析：句意：经理想要看到公司的改变，我确信他迟早会看到的。in time“及时；最后，迟早”，符合题意。
12．It remains to be seen __whether__ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
解析：本题考查名词性从句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委员会政策能否付诸实践。It在此为形式主语，故seen后为真正的主语从句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不确定的意思，所以用whether是否。
13．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a __friendly__(friend) atmosphere.
解析：句意：两国高层领导人在友好的氛围(atmosphere)中进行谈判。
14．—Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just in time __to_avoid__(avoid) the racing car.
解析：答语句意：我退后了一步，正好避开了奔跑的汽车。in time to do sth.“正赶上做某事”。
15．It's said that the power plant is now twice __as__ large as what it was.
解析：本题考查倍数的表达法。句意：据说这个发电厂现在是过去的两倍大。“倍数＋as...as”是倍数的表达法，意为“是……的几倍”，其中as...as之间要用原级。
1．An exceptionally big fire __broke_out__(爆发) at midnight.Luckily, firefighters arrived just __in_time__(及时) for the rescue.
2．Atmosphere __blocks_out__(挡住) a large amount of harmful light from space.
3．__Now_that__(既然) we have finished the design, the company, __in_its_turn__(轮到), will do the construction.
4．__On_a_global_scale__(在全球范围内), AIDS may well become the leading cause of infant death.
5．He, as well as his sister, __was_brought_up__(被抚养) in the mountainous area where education facilities are far from satisfactory.
__It_is_suggested_that__measures should be taken to prevent factories from discharging harmful gases into the air.
7．地球变暖是否加剧取决于我们的活动是否产生更多的二氧化碳。
Whether the global warming will become more serious __depends_on_whether__ our activities will produce more carbon dioxide.
8．大部分证据被毁了，不可能证明这种食物是有毒的了。
Most of the evidence is destroyed, __which_makes_it_impossible__to prove that the food is poisonous.
The witness's descriptions were __too__ unbelievable __to__ be of any real value.
There is nothing __more_pleasant_than__ a cheerful word of greeting.
1．She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, which is harmful for her eyes.
2．All theories come from practice and in return serve practice.
3．The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
4．The sun heats the earth, which makes possible for plants to grow.
5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as larger as the present one.
6．You'll succeed on time because you are always working hard.
1．__What__is even more important is that__as__the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
解析：第一空考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what；第二空考查状语从句，结合语意可知此处表示“伴随”。
2．According to a widely__accepted__(accept) theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”__that/which__threw matter in all directions.
解析：第一空考查非谓语动词作定语修饰theory，且accept与theory之间为被动关系，故填accepted；第二空考查定语从句，从句中缺少主语且指物，故填that/which。
3．It was not immediately obvious__that__water was to be fundamental__to__the development of life.
解析：第一空考查主语从句，it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语；第二空考查固定短语，be fundamental to 意为“是……的基础”。
4．As a result__of__this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot __to_live__(live) on.
解析：第一空考查固定短语；第二空考查“too...to...”结构。
5．__Whether__life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
解析：考查主语从句。从句中不缺主语和宾语，结合语意可知答案是whether。
6．__What__many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve__harmful__ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
解析：第一空考查主语从句，从句中缺少宾语；第二空考查词形转换，修饰名词，故填形容词harmful。
7．They are putting too much carbon dioxide__into__the atmosphere，__which__prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
解析：第一空考查介词，结合语意可知填into；第二空考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语且指物，故填which。
8．Leaving the moon's gravity__was/is__(be) not as painful as leaving the earth's.
解析：考查主谓一致。动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a ①__widely__(wide) accepted theory, the universe began ②__with__ a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
For several billion years after ③__the__ “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What ④__it__ was to become was ⑤__uncertain__(certain) until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ⑥__when__ the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent ⑦__that__ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It ⑧__exploded__(explode) loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ⑨__which__ were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear ⑩__on__ its surface.
用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。
1．火星上有生命吗？不知道。我们能成功登上火星吗？那完全取决于科学技术的发展。
Is there life on Mars? We don't know.Can we land on Mars successfully? That all__depends_on__the development of science and technology.
2．到目前为止，我们虽然对火星有点了解，但根本不够。火星上几乎没有氧气，中午的温度可能在50度左右，而晚上则在零下100度左右。这阻止我们在那里生活。
Until now we__have_known_a_little_about__Mars，but that's not enough.__There_exists__almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night and it__prevents_us_from_living_there__.
3．既然火星与地球完全不同，如果我们计划有朝一日去火星，我们就要带上氧气、食物、衣服和住所。
__Now_that__Mars is quite__different_from__our earth，if we are to go to Mars__in_time__， we should take along our own oxygen, food, clothing__as_well_as__shelter.
Is there life on Mars? We don't know.Can we land on Mars successfully? That all depends on the development of science and technology. Until now we have known a little about Mars, but that's not enough. There exists almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars is quite different from our earth, if we are to go to Mars in time, we should take along our own oxygen，food，clothing as well as shelter.
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