短文改错是很多同学的短板，不管练习多少篇文章都不能准确的把握短文改错的答题技巧。

 

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1. 必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。

 

⑴ 多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。

 

⑵ 少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。

 

⑶ 错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。

 

2. 平时应加强基本功训练，用一个“错题集”本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下，以便考前复习。

 

短文改错与书面表达一样，最能反映一个人的语言功底。大家在该题上失分最厉害，因为此题而影响英语总成绩的占大多数。

 

大家应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上下文有全面的了解。

 

在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。

 

1. 查看时态是否一致。

 

My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。

 

2. 查看主谓是否一致。

 

Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost应改为costs，因其主语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。

 

3. 查指代是否一致。

 

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主语the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代词his应改为their。

 

4. 查平行结构是否平行一致。

 

由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。

It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为drive。

 

5. 查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。

 

We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few 只能修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。

 

6. 查行文逻辑是否一致。

 

Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。

 

 

短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：

 

1. 形容词与副词的误用。

 

如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。

 

2. 名词的单复数误用。

 

如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。

 

3. 代词的误用。

 

如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。

 

4. 介词的误用、缺少或多余。

 

常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。

 

5. 时态的错误。

 

看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。

 

6. 连词的误用。

 

如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。

 

7. 第三人称单数后的动词形式。

 

8. 一些固定结构的误用。

 

如so...that被误用作very...that，too...to被误用very...to，as...as被误作so...as等。

 

9. 定语从句中关系词的误用。

 

10. 一些常用词的误用。

 

如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。

 

 

改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。

 

 

在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养，英语学习的根本任务是学习语言，而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成，就为英语学习打下了良好的基础。

 

语言是学出来的，所以要学好语言，一定要多读多背，尤其是背，它是语言习得最重要的途径之一。

 

 

单句改错.(下列句子各有一处错误，请改正)

1. Now people get a lot of informations from TV.

2. German is a European country.

3. They didn’t want me to do any work at family.

4. Yesterday I met an old friend of my father.

5. Boys and girls, don’t lose hearts. Do better next time.

6. They are of different size.

7. It is so beautiful place that you must visit it.

8. What a terrible weather we have been having!

9. It took place in France, an European country.

10. Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.

11. What good time we had last night!

12. We shall spend three-day holiday together.

13. I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.

14. Some parents think useless for girls to go to school.

15. When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place.

16. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.

17. It’s important that we should think over before doing anything.

18. The truck was moving so fast that the driver couldn’t control.

19. I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.

20. We must take part in the social practice to prepare us well for our future.

21. The teacher did not punish for cheating but instead gave me a second chance.

22. Henry did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.

23. There was a five-pound note in the pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it.

24. People can hardly do some fishing there.

25. I visited a place where is surrounded by mountains.

26. I am sure you will find one you like it.

27. It was yesterday when he broke the window.

28. He had lost his glasses without them he couldn’t see.

29. Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an orphan.

30. It starts with choosing a tree from neither a farm or a store.

31. She never has enough time for that she wants to do.

32. I find what I have one shortcoming in my character.

33. What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits .

34. It didn’t matter that I would win or not.

35. People in the US drink more coffee than people in any country.

36. The development will bring us much more hopes and chances.

37. The Olympics are held each four years.

38. A summer, Fane traveled abroad.

39. I hope you think about my request as soon as possibly.

40. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.

41. As there is no air or water, there can be no life , too.

42. There were too many nice things that I didn’t know what to choose.

43. He decides to travel a lot and visit such many new places as possible.

44. I couldn’t see as clear as before.

45. The water in it is so dirty that it smells terribly.

46. I appreciate your help very well.

47. You always gave me specially attention and inspired me.

48. It was until midnight that it stopped raining.

49. People both at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.

50. He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.

51. She is a brave and honesty girl.

52. It is much easy to make plans than to carry them out.

53. It is convenient for me to prepare for the exam than before.

54. He gave me an order worthy 15 million dollars.

55. The tree was put into a Christmas stand that holds the tree up straightly.

56. Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected in college?

57. We had guests last night who had not stayed in it ago.

58. We are all very much active and the activities are enjoyable.

59. If you won’t want to take a taxi, you can go by bus.

60. Our city is a modern city. It set up in the early 1980s.

61. Bad habits not come suddenly.

62. I have caught a bad cold for a week and I can’t get rid of it.

63. Following the road and you will find the store.

64. I rush over without delay, jumped into the water and swam towards  him.

65. You must do everything you can help them.

66. When a rabbit see something dangerous, it runs away.

67. Its tail, which is white, moving up and down as it runs.

68. Think perhaps I was too tired, I stood up and was going to sleep.

69. I was often tired and watch TV demands little effort.

70. The little girl hurried home with the remained money.

71. His young patient was soon able to get up and ran about again.

72. It was kind of them to meet me at the station and drove me to their home.

73. She liked it very much and reads it to the class.

74. There were over 1000 students attend it.

75. Is it likely to be any food at the party on Saturday?

76. Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.

77. He spends hours on the telephone, talks to his friends.

78. Filling with many people, the room is crowded.

79. At the interview there are many people who wait to interviewed for jobs.

80. It will cost a rocket a hundred thousand years to reach it.

81. There used to have a church in front of the school.

82. Hope you great success in your work!

83. All you can do is encouraging him, show him understanding and offer him advice.

84. In Friday afternoon, some students took part in a speech activity.

85. In a few weeks the story was returned to her.

86. It was very fine when I got up early on last Sunday morning.

87. I rushed out the house as quickly as I could.

88. It is necessary to decide what is worth taking notice.

89. I had difficulty in grammar after I entered into the school.

90. She could hardly afford for the medical care.

91. But we don’t seem to have much time to talk about together.

92. He was punished because what he had done.

93. The ice isn’t thick enough for us to skate.

94. I gave you my luggage at a quarter of an hour ago.

95. I am writing to thank you with your kind help.

96. He means to come no earlier as that time.

97. We must return back to school this afternoon

98. Child as he is, but he knows a lot.

99. Having been ill for a long time, so she fell behind her classmates.

100. Thinking he happened to have no work to do, and he came back home.

 

Answers

1-5 informations-information; German-Germany; family-home; father-father’s; hearts-heart;

6-10 size-sizes; a place; 删除a; an-a; 删除a

11-15 a good time; a three-day; that后加it; think后加it; them-it;

16-20 showed后加it; think后加it; control后加it; me-myself; us-ourselves;

21-25 punish后加me; that-which; 删除it; some-any; where-which;

26-30删除it; when-that; them-which; 删除he; neither-either;

31-35 that-what; what-that; What-How; that-whether; any后加other;

36-40 much-many; each-every; A-One; possibly-possible; particular-particularly;

41-45 too-either; too-so; such-as; clear-clearly; terribly-terrible;

46-50 well-much; specially-special; was后加not; great-greatly; comfortable-comfortably;

51-55 honesty-honest; easy-easier; is后加more; worthy-worth; straightly-straight;

56-60 interested-interesting; ago-before; 删除much; won’t-don’t; It后加was;

61-65 habits后加do; caught-had Following-Follow; rush-rushed; can后加to;

66-70 see-sees; moving-moves; think-Thinking; watch-watching; remained-remaining;

71-75 ran-run; drove-drive; reads-read; attend-attending; it-there;

76-80 not后加being; talks-talking; Filling-Filled; to后加be; cost-take;

81-85 have-be; Hope-Wish; encouraging-encourage; In-On; In-After;

86-90 删除on; out后加of notice后加of; 删除into; 删除for

91-95 删除about; because后加of; skate后加on; 删除at; with-for;

96-100 as-than; 删除back; 删除but; 删除so; 删除and;

 

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已给单词提示题型的技巧

 

此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。

 

技巧一：名词形式变化

 

名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。

 

例：

 

There are many students living at school，the(child) houses are all far from schoo1．

 

由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。

 

技巧二：动词形式变化

 

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

 

例：

 

A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.

 

句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

 

技巧三：代词形式变化

 

代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。

 

例：

 

The king decided to see the painter by(he).

 

由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。

 

技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化

 

英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前Imore／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。

 

例：

 

I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．

 

此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

 

技巧五：数词形式变化

 

数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice

 

例：

 

To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a (three).

 

从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。

 

技巧六：词的派生

 

词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。

 

例：

 

Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．

 

在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。

 

未给单词提示题型的技巧

 

此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

 

技巧七：固定短语结构

 

根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。

 

例1：

 

The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.

 

从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。

 

例2：

 

His boss was____angry as to fire him．

 

如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。

 

技巧八：从句引导

 

从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。

 

例1：

 

He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．

 

审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。

 

例2：

 

Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．

 

经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。

 

技巧九：短语动词结构

 

短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。

 

例1：

 

The us consists____fifty states．

 

根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。

 

例2：

 

Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for

 

leave to take_____of her．

 

生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。

 

技巧十：短语介词结构

 

短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。

 

例1：

 

Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.

 

此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。

 

例2：

 

Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.

 

细心观察，可以看出填人front即可构成in front of，此题得解。

 

技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构

 

常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。

 

例1：

 

Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．

 

此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。

 

例2：

 

____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．

 

横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。

 

技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词

 

冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。

 

例1：

 

Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．

 

这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。

 

例2：

 

Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．

Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。

 

例3：

 

Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.

 

第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。

 

例4：

 

It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him．

 

观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。

 

技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词

 

这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。

 

答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。

 

例：

 

Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．

由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。

 

 

完全倒装专练

 

完全倒装又可称为全部倒装。完全倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 

 

（1）here，there，now，then，thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be，come，go，lie，run等表示来去或状态的动词。 

 

例如： 

Then came the teacher. 那时老师来了。 

Here is your letter. 你的信。 

 

（2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

 

例如：Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老大妈。 

 

注意：上述全部倒装句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

例如：Here he comes. 他来了。

Away they went. 他们走开了。

 

二. 部分倒装

 

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装放到主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 

 

（1）句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way,  not until…等。

 

例如：

Never have I seen such a performance. 

从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 

 

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 

无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。

 

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 

母亲一直到孩子入睡后才离开房间。 

 

（2）当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为：Not until+从句状语从句或表时间的词语+助动词主句主语+谓语+...

 

例如：

Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.

直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。

 

Not until next week will the sports meet be held.

直到下周才开运动会。

 

典型例题 

 

1. Why can’t I smoke here? 

At no time ______ in the meeting-room 

A. is smoking permittedB. smoking is permitted 

C. smoking is it permittedD. does smoking permit 

答案A。这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,not only,not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

 

2. Not until the early years of the 19th century ______ what heat is. 

A. man did knowB. man know 

C. didn’t man knowD. did man know 

答案D。看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C、D中选一个。该句的正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 如果将not和until提到句子前时，就用倒装句。 

 

三. 以否定词开头作部分倒装

 

如有结构：Not only…but also, Hardly / Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要用倒装句。

 

例如： 

Not only did he refuse the gift, but also he severely criticized the sender. 

他不但没有收下礼物，而且还狠狠地批评了送礼的人。

 

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 

她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 

 

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 

她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 

 

典型例题 

 

No sooner ______ than it began to rain heavily. 

A. the game beganB. has the game begun 

C. did the game beginD. had the game begun 

答案D。具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置）。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及not only…but(also),no sooner…than,hardly…when，scarcely…when等等。 

 

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，第一个分句才用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also只连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如：Not only you but also I am fond of music。 

 

四. so, neither, nor作部分倒装

 

用这些词表示“也”、“也不”的句子要部分倒装。

 

例如：

Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 

汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。 

 

If you won’t go, neither will I. 

你不去，我也不去。 

 

典型例题 

 

— Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? 

— I don’t know, _____. 

A. nor don’t I careB. nor do I care 

C. I don’t care neitherD. I don’t care also 

答案：B。nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A答案中错在用don’t再次否定，C答案中neither用法不对，且缺乏连词。D答案缺乏连词。 

 

注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。 

例如：

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 

汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。 

— It’s raining hard. 雨下得真大

— So it is.。是呀。 

 

五. only在句首倒装的情况

 

例如：

Only in this way, can you learn English well. 

只有这样，你才能学好英语。 

 

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 

叫了三次，他才来参加会议。 

 

如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。

 

例如： 

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 

病得很重时，他才卧床休息。

 

六. as, though 引导的倒装句 

 

as / though引起的倒装分三种情况：表语、动词原形及状语的倒装。

 

（1）表语的倒装

一般直接将表语提前到句首，若表语是带不定冠词a / an的单数可数名词，倒装后，不定冠词a / an须被省略。如：

Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases.

Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.

 

（2）原形动词的倒装

A. 动词前面带有情态动词may,might,will,would,can,could等时，只将行为动词提到句首，而这些情态动词保留在原处。

B. 若动词前面没有情态动词时，应在动词原来的位置加上助动词do的适当形式。

C. 用于这一句型的动词一般是不及物动词，而不能是系动词或及物动词。如：

Swim as / though he can, he can’t swim so far. 尽管他会游泳，但是他游得不那么远。

Run as / though he did, he didn’t run fast enough to catch the bus. 虽然他跑，但是他跑得不够快而没有赶上汽车。

 

（3）状语倒装

In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesn’t read his texts. 尽管他待在教室里，但他不读书。

Carefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes. 尽管他工作很细心，但还是出了一些差错。

 

七. 其他部分倒装

 

（1）so… that句型中的so位于句首时，需倒装。

例如： 

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 

他害怕得很，动也不敢动。 

 

（2）在某些表示祝愿的句型中。

例如： 

May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。 

 

（3）在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词，可将if 省略，把were,had,should移到主语之前，用部分倒装形式。

例如： 

Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。 

 

典型例题： 

 

1. Not until the early years of the 20th century ______ what a computer is.  

A. man did knowB. man knewC. didn’t man knowD. did man know 

答案为D。否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。 

2. Not until I began to work ______ how much time I had wasted.　 

A. didn’t I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realizeD. I realize 

答案为B。 

3. Do you know Tom bought a new car? 

I don’t know, ______. 

A. nor don’t I careB. nor do I care

C. I don’t care neitherD. I don’t care also  

答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。

 

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