Book 1 Welcome Unit

I Word Formation

1. design n.设计; 设计方案 vt.设计；筹划→designer n.设计者

2. registration n.登记；注册；挂号→register vt.&vi.登记；注册

3. formal adj.正式的；正规的→informal adj.非正式的；非正规的

4. concentrate vi.&vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神→concentration n.集中；专心

5. explore vt.&vi.探索；勘探→exploration n. 探索；勘探→explorer n.探险者

6. anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxiety n.焦虑；不安

7. nation n.国家；民族；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的→nationality n.国籍；民族

8. confident adj.自信的；有把握的→confidently adv.自信地；有把握地→confidence n.信心；信任

9. curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→curiously adv.好奇地；求知欲强地→curiosity n.好奇；好奇心

10. male adj.男(性)的; 雄的 n.雄性动(植)物；男子→female adj.女(性)的; 雌的 n. 雌性动(植)物；女子

11. frighten v.使惊吓，使惊恐→frightened adj.惊吓的；害怕的→frightening adj.令人害怕的，可怕的

12. annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的→annoying adj.令人恼怒的；令人生气的→annoyance n.恼怒；生气→annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰

13. organise vt.组织；筹备；安排；组建vi.组建；成立→organisation n.组织；团体；机构→organiser n.组织者；承办单位→organised adj.有组织的；有秩序的；有条理的

14. impression n.印象；感想→impress vt.使钦佩；给……留下深刻印象vi.留下印象；引人注目→impressed adj.(对……)印象深刻的→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；令人钦佩的

Book 1 Unit 1 UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE

I Word Formation

1. solve v.解决，处理→solution n. 解决办法; 答案

2. behave v.表现；使守规矩→behaviour n.行为；举止

3. move v.移动；搬家→movement n.动作；运动；活动

4. suit vt.相配；合身；适合→suitable adj.合适的；适用的

5. fluent adj.(尤指外语)流利的；熟练的→fluency n.流利；熟练

6. literature n.文学; 文学作品→literary adj.文学的，文学上的

7. responsible adj.负责的；有责任的→responsibility n.责任；义务

8. adventure n.冒险；奇遇→adventurous adj.有冒险精神的；新奇的

9. graduate vi. & vt.毕业；获得学位 n.毕业生→graduation n.毕业；毕业典礼

10. challenge n.挑战；艰巨任务vt.怀疑；向……挑战→ challenging adj.挑战性的

11. quit vi. & vt.停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)→quit; quit过去式；过去分词

12. recommend vt. 建议；推荐；介绍→recommendation n.正式建议，提议；推荐，介绍

13. advance n.前进；发展vi.前进；发展vt.发展；促进→advanced adj.高级的；高等的；先进的

14. survive v.经历过……幸存下来；比……活得长→survival n.生存；幸存；幸存事物→survivor n.幸存者

15. prefer vt.较喜欢→preference n.喜欢；偏爱→ preferred; preferred; preferring 过去式；过去分词；现在分词

16. attract vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)→attractive adj.吸引人的→attraction n.吸引，吸引力；引力；吸引人的事物

17. confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑→confusing adj.难以理解的；不清楚的→confused adj.糊涂的；迷惑的→confusion n.困惑；混乱

18. addict n.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人v.使上瘾，使沉迷→addiction n.瘾；入迷，嗜好→addicted adj.有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的

19. advance n．前进；发展vi.前进；发展vt.发展；促进→advanced adj.高级的；高等的；先进的

20.volunteer n．志愿者adj.志愿的；义务的vt.&vi.自愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的

Book 1 Unit 2 TRAVELLING AROUND

I Word Formation

1. arrange v.安排；筹备→arrangement n.安排；筹备

2. detail n.细节；详情；细微之处→detailed adj.详细的

3. extreme adj.极端的；极度的→extremely adv.极其；非常

4. architect n.建筑设计师→architecture n. 建筑设计；建筑学

5. economy n.经济；节约→economic adj.经济(上)的；经济学的

6. recognize/ recognise vt.辨别出；承认；认可→recognition n.承认；识别；认出；公认

7. apply vi.&vt.申请；请求vt.应用；涂(油漆、乳剂)→application n.申请→applicant n.申请人

8. admire vt.钦佩；赞赏→admirable adj.可钦佩的；令人羡慕的；值得赞赏的→admiration n.钦佩；赞赏；羡慕

9. amaze vt.使惊奇；使惊喜→amazing adj.令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的→amazed adj.惊奇的；惊喜的→amazement n.惊奇；惊喜

10. power n.力量；权力；能力；政权；势力→powerful adj.强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的→powerless(反义词)adj. 无力的；无权的

Book 1 Unit 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS

I Word Formation

1. fit adj.健康的→ fitness n.健康

2. glory n.光荣→ glorious adj.光荣的

3. lose →过去式 lost 过去分词 lost

4. fall →过去式 fell 过去分词 fallen

5. give →过去式 gave 过去分词 given

6. champion n．冠军；优胜者→championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号

7. set →过去式 set 过去分词set 现在分词setting

8. fail vi. & vt.失败→ failure n.失败；失败的人或事

9. ski →过去式 skied 过去分词 skied 现在分词 skiing

10. injure vt.使受伤→ injured adj.受伤的→ injury n.伤害

11. strong adj.强壮的→strength n.力气→ strengthen vt.加强

12. determine vt.决定→ determined adj.有决心的→ determinationn.决心

13. honour n.荣誉→ honourable adj.可敬的；值得钦佩的→honored adj.荣幸的

14. compete vi.竞争→ competition n.竞争；比赛→ competitive adj.竞争的→ competitor n.竞争者

15. positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的→negative (反义词)adj.否定的，悲观的，消极的

16. stress n.压力；紧张；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.紧张的；压力重的→stressed adj.紧张的；有压力的

Book 1 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS

I Word Formation

1. revive v.复活→ revival n.复苏

2. suffer v.受苦→ sufferer n.受苦者→ suffering n.痛苦

3. wise adj.明智的→ wisdom n.智慧

4. survive v.幸存→ survival n.幸存→ survivor n.幸存者

5. electric adj.电动的→ electricity n.电能

6. affect v.影响→ effect n.影响 → affection n.钟爱

7. wide adj.&adv.广泛的；宽的→width n.宽度

8. high adj.高的；富含……的→ height n.高度

9. long adj.长的→ length n.长；长度→ lengthen vt.加长

10. dry adj.干的；干旱的，少雨的→ drought n.旱灾；久旱

11. warm adj.暖和的，温暖的v. (使)温暖→ warmth n.温暖；热情

12. power n.能量→ powerful adj.强有力的→ powerless adj.无力的

13. shock n.震惊→ shocked adj.惊愕的→ shocking adj.令人震惊的

14. slide v.滑动→过去式 slid →过去分词 slid→现在分词 sliding

15. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n.爆发；喷发

16. breathe v.呼吸→ breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.喘不过气来的，气喘吁吁的

17. bury v.埋、埋葬→过去式 buried→过去分词 buried →现在分词 burying

18. sweep v.打扫、清楚→过去式 swept →过去分词 → swept →现在分词sweeping

19. trap v.捕捉，把……困在……中→过去式 trapped →过去分词 trapped →现在分词 trapping

20. strike n. 罢工；罢课；袭击vi.& vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 →过去式struck→过去分词struck/stricken

21. die v.死→ dead adj.死了的→ death n.死亡→ dying adj.垂死的；濒死的；快要熄灭的→ deadly adj.致命的

22. destroy v.毁坏、毁灭→destruction n.摧毁；毁灭→过去式destroyed →过去分词destroyed →现在分词destroying→ destructive adj.毁灭性的

 

Book 1 Unit 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

I Word Formation

1. description n. 描写；形容→describe v. 描述

2. demand v.要求→ demanding adj. 要求高的、费力的

3. globe n.地球，世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全世界的

4. equal adj. 同样的；相同的→equally adv. 相等地→equality n. 平等

5. beg v. 乞求、乞讨→过去式/过去分词begged→ beggar n. 乞丐、穷人

6. appreciate v. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；增值→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激

7. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体；多样化→vary v. 变化→various adj. 多种多样的

8. symbol n. 象征；记号；符号→symbolize vt. 象征，代表→symbolic adj. 象征性的

9. refer v. 提到；参考→过去式/过去分词 referred→现在分词referring→reference n. 参考
10. character n. 文字；符号；角色；品质→characteristic adj. 典型的；特有的 n. 特性；特征

11. major adj. 主要的、重大的 n. 主修课程 vi. 主修→majority n. 大多数；大半→major in主修

12. relate vt. 联系；讲述→relation n. 关系；亲戚→relative adj. 比较的 n.亲戚→related adj. 有联系的

13. base n. 底部；根据→based adj.以……为基础的→basic adj. 基本的，基础的→basically adv. 基本上

14. mean v.意味着adj.吝啬的，小气的→means n.方式；方法；途径→meaning n.意思，意义→meaningful adj.有意义的，重要的→meaningless adj.无意义的；无目的的

15. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢

 

 

科学技术类

15(2022浙江6月卷)- 科学技术（触觉画），特色题（independence）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 56 (appreciate) by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 57 (do). John Olson, a former 58 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.

The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 59 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 60 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 61 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.

Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 62 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 63 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.

For Luc, this means 64 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 65 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”

56. be appreciated 57. to do 58. photographer 59. the 60. existing 61. sighted 62. at 63. noticed 64. independence 65. and

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。

56.考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。

57.考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。

58.考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。

59.考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。

60.考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。

61.考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。

62.考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。

63.考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。

64.考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。故填independence。

65.考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。

16(2021浙江1月卷)- 科学技术（体重指数），特色题（person’s）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy.

The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp) .

This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including 65 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

56. and 57. that / which 58. person’s 59. is considered 60. by 61. was 62. studied 63. sharply 64. living65. lower

本文是一篇说明文，讲述了在200个国家进行的一项有关33年来体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家发现全世界的人都变得越来越重，增长的主要原因是农村地区体重指数的增加。

1.and 考查连词。科学家们发现，世界各地的人们越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区BMI的增加。设空处连接两个并列成分，前后均为that引导的宾语从句，故填and。

2.that/which考查定语从句。句意：BMI是国际公认的测量工具，它能显示一个人的体重是否健康。先行词tool指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。.

3.person’s考查名词所有格。它的计算方法是用一个人的体重（公斤）除以身高（米）的平方。根据句意可知，空后的名词weight与person之间是所属关系，故填person’s。

4.is considered考查时态、语态和主谓一致。BM在19到25之间被认为是健康的。句中第一个and连接并列句，故设空处为谓语动词，由is calculated可知此处为一般现在时；分句主语是a BML，故用单数；a BMI与consider是被动关系，故填is considered。

5.by考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年，农村女性和男性的平均BM增加了2.l。increase by“增加了多少”，故填by。

6.ws考查主谓一致和时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性的指数增加了1.3，男性的增加了1.6。主语为the gain，故谓语动词用单数；根据上文的increased可知，时态为一般过去时，故填was。

7.studied考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMI值高于农村地区的男性和女性的BMI值。本句中谓语动词是had，故设空处是用来作后置定语修饰countries的，两者间是被动关系，表示完成的动作，故填studied。

8.sharply考查词性转换。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。副词修饰动词had narrowed，故填sharply

9.living考查非谓语动词。这可能是由于生活在农村的人的一些不利条件。设空处作后置定语修饰people，两者之间是主动关系，故填living。

10.lower考查形容词比较级。根据后面的higher、fewer可知，设空处填lower。

17(2020全国I卷)- 科学技术（嫦娥四号探月），特色题（than）

 

 

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)”. Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.

61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than 66. to find 67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its

这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。

61. touched。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。

62. extremely。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。

63. where。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。

64. interest。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。

65. than。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。

66. to find。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

67. means。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。

68. is constructed。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。

69. much。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。

70. its。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。

18(2019全国I卷)- 科学技术（北极熊现状），特色题（that同位语从句）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°C, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.

Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.

Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

【答案】

61．that 62．poorly 63．of/for 64．to perform 65．have reported 66．belief 67．noting 68．higher 69．the 70．are

【分析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。

61．考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。

62．考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。

63．考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。

64．考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。

65．考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。

66．考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。

67．考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。

68．考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。

69．考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。

70．考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。

19(2018全国I卷)- 科学技术（跑步好处），特色题（strengthen）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.

While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.

【答案】

61．longer 62．to see 63．dying 64．is 65．than 66．that \which 67．causes 68．strengthen 69．energetic 70．it

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们减少疾病发生，延年益寿。

61．考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。

62．考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。

63．考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。

64．考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。

65．考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。

66．考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。

67．考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。

68．考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。

69．考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。

70．考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it。

20(2017全国I卷)-科学技术（低脂少盐），特色题（worse）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.

【答案】61．as 62．effects 63．to process 64．are removed 65．a 66．worse 67．is 68．eating 69．careful 70．which

【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了最近，食品服务行业出现了降低脂肪含量和减少盐的趋势，这产生了一些意想不到的副作用。文章告诉我们要保持健康，就不要走极端，要吃适量的盐和含脂肪的食物。

61．考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以…… 身份”，故填as。

62．考查名词的单复数。分析语境可知，作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知，所以要用effect的复数形式。故填effects。

63．考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。

64．考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。

65．考查固定短语。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。故填a。

66．考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。even修饰比较级。故填worse。

67．考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。

68．考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。by为介词，后接名词、动名词作宾语，故填eating。

69．考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知，be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。

70．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知，___is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话，在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which。故填which。

21 (2017全国II卷)-科学技术（早起地铁发展史），特色题（动名词laying）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7 every day.

Later, engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.

【答案】1．crowds 2．from 3．laying 4．the 5．were used 6．fairly 7．it 8．managed 9．introduction 10．successful

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。

1．考查名词。crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。

2．考查固定短语。to and from来回，故填from。

3．考查非谓语动词。这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式作宾语，故填laying。

4．考查冠词。top是名词，前要用冠词，特指“在（道路的）顶上”。故填the。

5．考查时态语态。根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，主语Steam engines与谓语动词use是被动关系，主语是复数，根据语境用一般过去时，故填were used.

6．考查副词。这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly。

7．考查代词。这里用it指代前句的railway，故填it。

8．考查动词时态。本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。

9．考查名词。空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。

10．考查形容词。空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。

22(2016全国II卷)-科学技术（释放工作压力），特色题（祈使句make）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of 1 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 (be) often acceptable.

Most of us are more focused 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.

Recent 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9 (bring) your work home. It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 10 (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

【答案】

1．greater 2．achievement 3．is 4．on 5．as 6．studies 7．regularly 8．a 9．to bring 10．make

【分析】本文属于说明文，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。

1．考查比较级。本空所填之词和and后的比较级less是并列关系，使用相同的比较级形式greater。故填greater。

2．考查名词。句意：首先处理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作of的宾语，表示“成就感”。故填achievement。

3．考查句子结构和主谓一致。本句中动名词短语“Leaving... tomorrow”在句中作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式，所以使用is。

4．on 考查固定搭配。句意：很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。be focused on“集中于……”，故填on。

5．考查固定搭配。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要在午饭之前尽可能地高效。短语as...as possible“尽可能……”，故填as。

6．考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。故填studies。

7．考查副词。副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中作定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly作状语修饰动词短语take short breaks。故填regularly。

8．考查固定短语。本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和思维休息一会。介词短语for a while“一会儿”。故填a。

9．考查固定短语。句意：如果你找到了喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth.可能做某事，故填to bring。

10．考查祈使句。此处表示要保证它是让你释放压力，而不是让你担忧的事。本句是祈使句，要用动词原形。故填make。

23(2015全国II卷)-科学技术（北美土坯房），特色题（连接词how）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 1 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 2 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 3 (able) to “air condition” a house without 4 (use)electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 5 (slow)during cool nights，thus warning the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 6 (cool) the house during the hot day: 7 the same time, they warm up again for the night This cycle 8 (go) day after day: The walls warm up During the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures. As 9 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 10 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

【答案】1．built 2．the 3．ability 4．using 5．slowly 6．to cool 7．at 8．goes 9．natural 10．how

【分析】本文是说明文。土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。

1．考查非谓语动词。 动词build和定语The adobe dwellings是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用其过去分词built做定语。故填built。

2．考查冠词。形容词最高级most modern前加the。故填the。

3．考查名词。代词their后接名词，所以用able的名词形式ability.故填ability。

4．考查动名词。 介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing。故填using。

5．考查副词。用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out。故填slowly。

6．考查不定式。to cool 形容词加enough后接不定式。故填to cool 。

7．考查介词。 at the same time是固定词组。表示与此同时。故填at。

8． 考查一般现在时。根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。故填goes。

9．考查形容词。形容词做定语修饰名词architects。故填natural 。

10．考查关系词。根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。故填how 。

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