***课文听力和视频***

Unit 4 Body Language

一、单词转换

1．interact vi.相互作用， 相互影响

→interaction n．交流；相互影响

2．rely vi.依赖；依靠

→reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的

3．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒

→angry adj.生气的；恼火的

4．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变

→various adj.不同的；各种各样的

→variety n．变化；品种；种类

5．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过

→approval n．赞成；认可

→disapprove v．不赞成

6．differ vi.相异；不同于

→different adj.不同的；与众不同的

→difference n．差异；区别

→differently adv.不同地

 

二、一词多义

1．contrast n．差异；对照物 vi.& vt.形成对照；形成对比

①Today's work is quite a contrast to what you did yesterday.

(n.对照物)

②He contrasted the two different economic systems in his speech.

(vt. 对照；对比)

③This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky.

(vi.形成对照；形成对比)

2．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n. 目击者；证人

①She was a witness of the incident.                

(n.目击者；证人)

②No one could witness that he was present.             

(vt.见证)

③A carpenter was giving evidence about an accident he had witnessed．     

vt.当场看到；目击

3．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同

①I hate asking favours of people.                

(n.帮助；恩惠)

②The teacher favours serious students.               

(vt.较喜欢)

③Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favour the growth of plants.

(vt.有利于)

4．anger n．怒气；愤怒 vt.使生气；激怒

①His impolite words angered his teacher.        

(vt.使生气；激怒)

②Though he felt his anger mounting, he kept perfect control of himself.      

(n.怒气；愤怒)

 

三、重点词汇

1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变

The temperature varies from time to time.

温度常常变化。

The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century.

剑的样式从12 世纪到15 世纪几乎没有什么改变。

[知识拓展]

vary in sth.在某方面不同

vary with sth. 随……而变化

vary between...and...

＝vary from...to...由……到……情况不等

→ variety n. 变化；种类；多样性

a variety of

＝varieties of许多的；各种各样的

→ various adj. 各种各样的

由于各种原因，我不愿见他。

For various reasons, I'd prefer not to meet him.

＝For a variety of reasons, I'd prefer not to meet him.

＝For varieties of reasons, I'd prefer not to meet him.

 

2.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过

In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.

相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。

The minister approved the building plan.

部长批准了该建筑计划。

Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.

他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。

[知识拓展]

approve of　赞成；同意

approve of sb./sb.'s (doing)sth. 同意某人(做)某事

→ approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；认可

I don't need approval all the time.If someone does not approve of me, I will still be okay.

我不总是需要别人的认同，如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。

 

3.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人

A witness was examined by him in a court of law.

他在法庭上质问一个证人。

He gave witness on behalf of an accused person.

他为被告作证。

[知识拓展]

(1)witness sth. 目击了某事

witness to (doing)sth.证实，证明(做)某事

witness for 为……作证

(2)be a witness to sth.是某事的证据/证人

bear/give witness to 做……的证人；为……作证

司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。

The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.

这些事实证明了他的粗心。

These facts are a witness to his carelessness．

The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness．

这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。

 

4.differ vi.不同于；相异

Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation.

日语发音和法语大不相同。

Conditions of employment differ according to the type of company you are working for.

雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。

[知识拓展]

differ from...与……不同/有区别

differ in...在……方面不同

differ with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人在某事上持不同(看法)

→ different adj.不同的

be different from... 与……不同

→ difference n.不同，差别

make a difference (to...)(对……)有作用或影响

Learners with different cultural backgrounds differ a lot in their thinking patterns and learning styles.The difference can be investigated and explained.

不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被研究和解释。

 

5.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同

A mother shouldn't show too much favour to one of her children.

母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爱。

I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates.

我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。

[知识拓展]

do sb.a favour

＝do a favour for sb.帮某人的忙

ask sb.for a favour

＝ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮忙

in favour of... 支持……

in one's favour 对某人有利

今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？

Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? ＝Could you do a favour for me and pick up Sam from school today?

我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？

I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your cell phone?

＝I want to ask you for a favour；will you lend me your cell phone?

 

6.break down消除；分解；打破

Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.

我们的车坏了， 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。

By then the gate was being broken down.

那时候大门快要被砸开了。

[知识拓展]

break away from脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规

break in 闯入；强行进入

break out 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)

break up 打碎；分裂；解体；解散

 

7.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的

It has a highly reliable control system.

它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。

He's a good musician and totally reliable．

他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。

[知识拓展]

a reliable friend 可靠的朋友

be reliable as  作为……是可靠的

→ rely v.  信任；信赖；依赖；依靠

rely on/upon  依靠；依赖

rely on it that... 相信

The land, the essential means of production, is the most reliable living security that the peasants can rely on．

土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。

 

8.bend  vt.&vi.（bent, bent）（使）弯曲；倾斜；偏向

bend the truth 扭曲事理；歪曲事实

bend one’s mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事；专心致志

 

9.tendency   n. 趋势；倾向

a tendency (for sb./sth.) to do ...

a tendency to/towards ... ... ...的倾向/

→ tend vt.往往会 vi.趋向 vi.&vt.照管；护理

 

四、重点短语

1.by contrast  相比之下

2.by comparison  与……相比较

3.look into 窥视；调查；过问

4.make inferences 推断；推论

5.break down 消除; 分解; 打破

6.straighten up 直起来，挺直；整理，收拾整齐

7.in other words 换句话说；也就是说

8.at work 有某种影响；起某种作用

9.call on 短暂访问（某人）；号召；请求，邀请

 

五、重点句式

1.不定式短语作后置定语

(教材P38)For example, making eye contact—looking into someone's eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.

例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流——直视某人的眼睛——是表现出兴趣的一种方式。

句式分析：不定式短语to display interest作后置定语，修饰a way。

[例1]　The meetings were a way to get acquainted with each other.

这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。

[例2]　The best way to deal with a tease is to ignore him.

对付爱捉弄人的人的最佳方法就是不搭理他。

[知识拓展]

(1)在the first, the second, the last, the next, the only等词和形容词最高级后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。

(2)在time, way, chance, ability, promise等抽象名词后，常用不定式作定语。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①The chance to go (go)for a picnic has been ruined.

②He is the only man to know (know)the truth.

③最好的旅行方式是坐高铁。

The best way to travel is to take a high­speed train.

④他总是第一个来，最后一个走。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave．

⑤多锻炼是保持健康的好方法。

It's a good way to keep fit with more exercise.

 

2.when doing...

(教材P38)In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.

在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。

句式分析：句中when talking to an older person是一个省略句，补全后为：when you are talking to an older person。

[例1]　When seeing the naughty child, the teacher sympathized to his mother.

当看到那个淘气的孩子时， 老师对他的母亲表示很同情。

[例2]　I kept a diary every day while (I was)travelling.

在那次旅行期间，我每天都写日记。

[知识拓展]

当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译

①He won't come unless invited(invite).

②While playing (play)with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.

③如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。

If you are accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.＝If accepted for the job, you'll be informed soon.

 

3.比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义

(教材P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.

如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。

句式分析：句中nothing better than是比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。

[例1]　Personally, she would like nothing better than to accept this invitation.

就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。

[例2]　Peter likes nothing better than going to the coast and messing about in his boat.

彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。

[知识拓展]

最高级意义的多种表达法：

(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)

(2)否定词＋so/as ＋形容词/副词原级＋as

(3)比较级＋ than＋all the other＋名词复数the other＋名词复数any other＋名词单数any of the other＋名词复数anything/anyone else

[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子

①I have never spent a more worrying(worrying)day.

②Tom is more intelligent(intelligent)than any other student/all the other students in his class.

③再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。

No other book has had a greater effect on my life.

④多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。

What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one．

⑤李洋在班里学习最努力。

Li Yang studies harder than anyone else in his class．

⑥在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。

I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.

 

1．The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.

[分析]　本句为复合句。动词­ing形式using body language 作表语，that is appropriate to the culture you are in 为that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a way；其中you are in是省略了that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词the culture。

[译文]　最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。

2．There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.

[分析]　本句为复合句。连词and连接三个how引导的宾语从句，其中we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句，修饰先行词someone，when we meet or part为时间状语从句。

[译文]　我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的行为也存在差异。寒假预习必备|

 

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